What causes retardation?

Causes of mental retardation include fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effect; brain damage caused by the use of prescription or illegal drugs during pregnancy; brain injury and disease; and genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.

What are the level of mental retardation?

The DSM-IV classifies mental retardation into four stages based on severity: mild (IQ score of 50-55 to approximately 70), moderate (IQ score of 30-35 to 50-55), severe (IQ score of 20-25 to 35-40), and profound (IQ score of less than 20-25).

What do you mean by mental retardation?

Mental retardation is present in about 2 to 3 percent of the population. It can be defined as cognitive ability that is markedly below average level and a decreased ability to adapt to one’s environment. The onset of the condition occurs during the developmental period, i.e., gestation through age 18 years.

What is the primary goal of treatment for mental retardation?

Treatment. Treatment for Mental Retardation is not designed to “cure” the disorder. Rather, therapy goals include reducing safety risks (e.g., helping an individual maintain safety at home or school) and teaching appropriate and relevant life skills.

What are three major causes of mental retardation?

What causes intellectual disability?

• trauma before birth, such as an infection or exposure to alcohol, drugs, or other toxins.
• trauma during birth, such as oxygen deprivation or premature delivery.
• inherited disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU) or Tay-Sachs disease.
• chromosome abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.

Is anemia is the most common cause of preventable mental retardation?

Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation in the world today.

Is mental retardation genetic?

Mental retardation is caused by a number of different factors. Among genetic disorders, Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome are the commonest causes of mental retardation. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited form of mental retardation.

How does mental retardation affect the development of a child?

Mentally retarded children, due to low intellectual growth, function with a limited capacity in comparison to normal children. Hence the social functioning of these children is found to be affected, and this is closely related to degree of impairment.

Is mental retardation a developmental disability?

Intellectual Disability (ID) (formerly called mental retardation) is the most common developmental disability–nearly 6.5 million people in the United States have some level of ID.

What are the four classifications of mental retardation?

The condition is further divided into four levels of retardation based on IQ, which include mild mental retardation (IQ between 50-55 and 70), moderate mental retardation (IQ between 35-40 and 50-55), severe mental retardation (IQ between 20-25 and 35-40), and profound mental retardation (IQ below 20 or 25) (American …

What are the four types of developmental disabilities?

There are four main types of developmental disorders: nervous system disabilities, sensory related disabilities, metabolic disabilities and degenerative disorders. Many different subsets of disabilities nest under these four main groups.

Is learning disability a intellectual disability?

An intellectual disability describes below-average IQ and a lack of skills needed for daily living. This condition used to be called “mental retardation.” A learning disability refers to weaknesses in certain academic skills. Reading, writing and math are the main ones.

What causes retardation?

[4] Mental retardation can be associated with innumerable factors – some are chromosomal, some are genetic, some are metabolic, and some are due to intrauterine infections, and where antenatal and natal care is not adequate a large number of them may be due to birth asphyxia or other accidents during peripartum period.

What is the new name for mental retardation?

In the United States, a federal statute (Public Law 111-256, Rosa’s law) replaces the term ‘mental retardation’ with ‘intellectual disability’ and requires that person first language be used when referring to those affected in all federal laws.

How can you tell if a baby is mentally ill?

Indicators of infant mental health concerns can include:

1. Poor sleep patterns.
2. Difficulties with feeding.
3. Persistent or unremitting crying.
4. Restlessness.
5. Gastric disturbance.
6. Anxiety and tension.
7. Distress and fear.
8. Lack of weight gain or failure to thrive.

What is severe mental retardation?

Severe Mental Retardation is defined by the presence of significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning as well as significant limitations in adaptive functioning (adaptive behavior) present prior to the age of 18 years.

How do you test for intellectual disability?

The Diagnosis of Intellectual Disabilities

1. comprehensive medical exam;
2. possible genetic and neurological testing;
3. social and familial history;
4. educational history;
5. psychological testing to assess intellectual functioning;
6. testing of adaptive functioning;
7. interviews with primary caregivers;
8. interviews with teachers;

What qualifies as intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability1 involves problems with general mental abilities that affect functioning in two areas: intellectual functioning (such as learning, problem solving, judgement) adaptive functioning (activities of daily life such as communication and independent living)

At what age can intellectual disability be diagnosed?

Intellectual disability is diagnosed before the age of 18. Most children with intellectual disabilities can learn a great deal and as adults may have partially or even fully independent lives.

What is an example of an intellectual disability?

There are many signs of intellectual disability. For example, children with intellectual disability may: sit up, crawl, or walk later than other children. learn to talk later, or have trouble speaking.

How can you tell if someone is slow mentally?

Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking much later than developmentally appropriate. Difficulty communicating or socializing with others. Lower than average scores on IQ tests. Difficulties talking or talking late.

What is the difference between intellectual disability and learning disability?

In the U.S. these terms have very different meanings. An intellectual disability describes below-average IQ and a lack of skills needed for daily living. This condition used to be called “mental retardation.” A learning disability refers to weaknesses in certain academic skills.