How do you calculate pediatric doses?
Pediatric Dosage Calculations [Internet]….Example 2.
| Step 1. Calculate the dose in mg: | 18 kg × 100 mg/kg/day = 1800 mg/day |
|---|---|
| Step 2. Divide the dose by the frequency: | 1800 mg/day ÷ 1 (daily) = 1800 mg/dose |
| Step 3. Convert the mg dose to mL: | 1800 mg/dose ÷ 40 mg/mL = 45 mL once daily |
What are the four methods in calculating drug dosages for pediatric patients?
Calculate the proper dose for a child when given the adult dose of a drug using the following methods:
- Nomogram Method (Using a Child’s Body Surface Area)
- Friend’s Rule (Using the Child’s Age in Months)
- Young’s Rule (Using the Child’s Age in Years)
- Clark’s Rule (Child’s Weight in Pounds)
- Parkland’s Burn Formula.
What is pediatric pharmacology?
Paediatric clinical pharmacology is the scientific study of medicines in children and is a relatively new subspecialty in paediatrics in the UK. Training encompasses both the study of the effectiveness of drugs in children (clinical trials) and aspects of drug toxicity (pharmacovigilance).
What is the most common error in pediatric drug calculations?
Dosing errors are the most common medication error. It is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure that the appropriate drug and dose are prescribed to children, especially neonates, because of their differences in response to drugs compared with adults.
Why are pediatric doses calculated by weight?
Obese children can be dosed using ideal body weight and the dose adjusted based on clinical effect. They are at higher risk of toxicity from drugs such as paracetamol that do not distribute into fat, if actual weight is used to calculate the dose.
What are the most common medication errors?
Types of Medication Errors
- Prescribing.
- Omission.
- Wrong time.
- Unauthorized drug.
- Improper dose.
- Wrong dose prescription/wrong dose preparation.
- Administration errors including the incorrect route of administration, giving the drug to the wrong patient, extra dose or wrong rate.
What are examples of medication errors?
- prescribing and dispensing errors (including a wrong, contraindicated or unlicensed drug, a wrong dosage, or wrong administration);
- repeat prescribing without proper checks;
- failure to monitor progress; and.
- failure to warn about adverse effects (which might, however, not be regarded as a medication error).
What are the two most common medication errors?
The most common types of reported errors were wrong dosage and infusion rate. The most common causes were using abbreviations instead of full names of drugs and similar names of drugs. Therefore, the most important cause of medication errors was lack of pharmacological knowledge.
What are the 3 Befores?
WHAT ARE THE THREE CHECKS? Checking the: – Name of the person; – Strength and dosage; and – Frequency against the: Medical order; • MAR; AND • Medication container.
How are medication errors classified?
Medication errors can be classified, invoking psychological theory, as knowledge-based mistakes, rule-based mistakes, action-based slips, and memory-based lapses. This classification informs preventive strategies.
How can medication administration errors be prevented?
10 Strategies for Preventing Medication Errors
- Ensure the five rights of medication administration.
- Follow proper medication reconciliation procedures.
- Double check—or even triple check—procedures.
- Have the physician (or another nurse) read it back.
- Consider using a name alert.
- Place a zero in front of the decimal point.
- Document everything.
What are the main causes of medication errors?
The most common causes of medication errors are:
- Poor communication between your doctors.
- Poor communication between you and your doctors.
- Drug names that sound alike and medications that look alike.
- Medical abbreviations.
How can dispensing errors be reduced?
The following is a list of strategies for minimizing dispensing errors:
- Ensure correct entry of the prescription.
- Confirm that the prescription is correct and complete.
- Beware of look-alike, soundalike drugs.
- Be careful with zeros and abbreviations.
- Organize the workplace.
- Reduce distraction when possible.
What is good dispensing practices?
Good Dispensing Practice ensures that the right medicines of desired quality are delivered correctly to the right patient with the right dose, strength, frequency, dosage form and quantity, together with clear instructions, both written and verbal and with appropriate packaging suitable for maintaining the quality and …
What strategy can reduce LASA medication errors?
One strategy that ISMP recommends for reducing LASA medication name errors is to include the purpose, or indication, for a given medication on the prescription.
What is LASA medication?
1. Introduction. Look Alike Sound Alike (LASA) medications involve medications that are visually similar in physical appearance or packaging and names of medications that have spelling similarities and/or similar phonetics.
What are the top 5 high-alert medications?
The top five high-alert medications identified by the ISMP study are insulin; opiates and narcotics; injectable potassium chloride (or phosphate) concentrate (See Sentinel Event Alert, Issue 1); intravenous anticoagulants (heparin); and sodium chloride solutions above 0.9 percent.
What is high risk drugs?
High risk medications are drugs that have a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when they are used in error. High risk medicines include medicines: with a low therapeutic index. that present a high risk when administered by the wrong route or when other system errors occur.
What is one example of a high-alert medication?
Examples of high-alert medications include insulin, opioids, neuromuscular blocking agents, anticoagulants, and many others.
Is tramadol considered a high risk medication?
New research on tramadol Those prescribed tramadol had a higher risk of death than those prescribed anti-inflammatory medications. For example: naproxen: 2.2% of the tramadol group died vs. 1.3% of the naproxen group.
Is diazepam a high risk medication?
Diazepam may increase the risk of serious or life-threatening breathing problems, sedation, or coma if used along with certain medications.
Is oxytocin a high-alert medication?
Oxytocin is a high-alert medication. Oxytocin is commonly used on L&D units, but administration procedures vary greatly because of lack of standardization, local culture, and individual provider training and preferences.
Is dopamine a high-alert medication?
Learn techniques critical for safe i.v. infusion and the appropriate steps to take before, during, and after administration of five “high-alert” medications–potassium chloride, heparin, dopamine, theophylline, and insulin.
Is heparin a high-alert medication?
Unfractionated heparin has been classified as a high-alert drug by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices.
Why is magnesium sulfate a high-alert medication?
Magnesium sulfate is on the Institute of Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) “List of High-Alert Medications” because there is serious risk of causing significant patient harm when used in error.
What is the antidote for magnesium sulfate?
4. Calcium gluconate: the antidote for magnesium toxicity is calcium gluconate 1 g IV over 3 minutes. Repeat doses may be necessary. Calcium chloride can also be used in lieu of calcium gluconate.
Is potassium chloride a high alert medication?
Although limiting access to KCl has reduced fatal errors, health care providers should not be complacent about the risks associated with this high-alert medication. Lingering problems associated with concentrated KCl still pose serious threats to patients.
Who does high alert medication?
transdermal neuromuscular blocking agents (e.g., succinylcholine, rocuronium, vecuronium) parenteral nutrition preparations sodium chloride for injection, hypertonic, greater than 0.9% concentration sterile water for injection, inhalation and irrigation (excluding pour bottles) in containers of 100 mL or more …