What is transmission time and propagation time?
The transmission delay is the amount of time required for the router to push out the packet. The propagation delay, is the time it takes a bit to propagate from one router to the next. then if denote the distance between two routers d and denote the propagation speed s, the propagation delay will be d/s.
What is the formula of transmission delay?
Denote the length of the packet by L bits, and denote the transmission rate of the link from router A to router B by R bits/sec. For example, for a 10 Mbps Ethernet link, the rate is R = 10 Mbps; for a 100 Mbps Ethernet link, the rate is R = 100 Mbps. The transmission delay is L/R.
What is the transmission time of a packet sent by a station?
Suppose the distance between LAN stations is 5 km, the transmission rate is 1 Gbps, and transmitters send 1-Kb packets. The propagation time is then 10 μs (2 μs per km) and the packet transmission time is 1 μs.
How do you calculate end to end delay?
The end-to-end Delay is N*L/R ( N links in series, using store-and-forward between the links). The author asks to generalize the above formula for sending P packets over N links.
What is called end-to-end delay?
End-to-end delay or one-way delay (OWD) refers to the time taken for a packet to be transmitted across a network from source to destination. It is a common term in IP network monitoring, and differs from round-trip time (RTT) in that only path in the one direction from source to destination is measured.
What causes queuing delay?
Queuing delay may be caused by delays at the originating switch, intermediate switches, or the call receiver servicing switch. In a data network, queuing delay is the sum of the delays between the request for service and the establishment of a circuit to the called data terminal equipment (DTE).
What software is used to program Arduino?
The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and based on Processing and other open-source software.
How do you run two loops at the same time?
In general you cannot use two infinite loops. That’s because it is senquentional program, so it cannot run second when until the first one is done. So if first loop is infinite, the second will never run. To do some kind of ‘multithreading’, in simplest way is to use timers and interrupts.
Can Arduino run multiple loops at once?
Yes it can. As KE7GKP said you need to make sure your different bits of code have not used the same variable names for different things. Assuming they don’t; if you have three bits of code that work, then don’t throw them all together – join them slowly one at a time.
Can there be two void loops in Arduino?
Each function runs one at a time. But, since the delay has been removed from the light1/2 functions, they will end quickly during the ‘waiting’ period instead of pausing execution. This will allow the motor(s) to run and lights to blink all at the same time. No you cannot.
How do you call a loop in Arduino?
Calling a Function To call a function, use the function name followed by opening and closing parentheses. Finally terminate the statement that calls the function with a semicolon. Load the sketch to an Arduino and then open the terminal window.
How do I combine two Arduino sketches?
Step One: Physically Get The Sketches Into The Same FileEdit Open up the blink and fade sketches from the File -> Examples -> Basics menu. Use copy and paste to move the code from each of the two sketches into the new one and then save the new one.