What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic translations are involved in protein synthesis. The key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation is that eukaryotic translation and transcription is an asynchronous process whereas prokaryotic translation and transcription is a synchronous process.
What are the major differences between bacterial and eukaryotic transcription?
Eukaryotic genes are split into exons and introns; in bacteria, genes are almost never split. 7. In eukaryotes, mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and then processed and exported to the cytoplasm; in bacteria, transcription and translation can take place simultaneously off the same piece of DNA.
What is difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?
The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes is that the prokaryotic ribosomes are small, 70 S ribosomes whereas the eukaryotic ribosomes are larger, 80S ribosomes. Both types of ribosomes are made up of a large and a small subunit.
Is a Golgi apparatus prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
The Golgi apparatus, also called Golgi complex or Golgi body, is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei) that is made up of a series of flattened stacked pouches called cisternae. It is located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus.
How do prokaryotes do protein synthesis?
In prokaryotes, protein synthesis, the process of making protein, occurs in the cytoplasm and is made of two steps: transcription and translation. Translation occurs at the same time that transcription is happening in prokaryotes. Ribosomes attach to the mRNA and tell tRNA to go get the correct amino acids.
Where does translation start in eukaryotes?
The initiation codon of a eukaryotic mRNA is normally the first AUG triplet downstream of the 5′-terminal cap and is usually separated from it by 50–100 nt. After cap-mediated attachment to mRNA, a 43S complex is thought to scan downstream from the 5′-end until it encounters the initiation codon.
Does translation occur in prokaryotes?
Initiation of Transcription in Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes do not have membrane-enclosed nuclei. Therefore, the processes of transcription, translation, and mRNA degradation can all occur simultaneously.
Why is prokaryotic translation faster?
There are several factors that can account for the speed of translation in prokaryotes. Perhaps the most obvious is that there is no nucleus in prokaryotes— it takes time to move the mRNA from the nucleus, where it is transcribed, to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes will translate it.
Is rRNA a prokaryote?
Prokaryotes have 3 varieties of rRNA: 5S, 16S and 23S rRNAs. The 5S and 23S rRNAs are found within the large ribosomal subunit, while the 16S rRNA is located in the small ribosomal subunit. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, have at least 4 flavors of rRNA: 5S, 5.8S, 18S and 28S rRNAs.
Do prokaryotes have DNA?
Most prokaryotes carry a small amount of genetic material in the form of a single molecule, or chromosome, of circular DNA. The DNA in prokaryotes is contained in a central area of the cell called the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
What are 4 characteristics used to identify prokaryotes?
Bill Biology Exam Review: Bacteria
| A | B |
|---|---|
| Describe four factors that are used to identify prokaryotes | 1. Shape (cocci,bacilli,&spirilla), 2 Chemical nature of cell walls 3. movement 4. Way the obtain energy |
| What are three ways in which bacteria are vital to the living world? | 1. Photosynthesis 2 Decomposition 3. Human uses |
Where is the DNA in a eukaryote?
In eukaryotic cells, like in the maize cell shown here, DNA is located in the nucleus, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts (occuring only in plants and some protists). The nucleus contains most DNA. It is present in this compartment in the form of linear chromosomes that together constitute the genome.
What are the two main divisions of prokaryotes?
Prokaryotic Life Prokaryotes can be split into two domains, archaea and bacteria.
What are the benefits of prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes and other microbes are beneficial to some food production by transforming textures, providing flavors, producing ethanol, and providing protection from unwanted microbes. Bacteria breakdown proteins and fats into a complex mix of amino acids, amines, and fatty acids; this processing alters the food product.
What are the advantages of prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes have the advantages associated with greater simplicity, including more rapid reproduction, rapid mutation and adaptation to new environments, and more diverse metabolic systems. They also possess an ability to pass on adaptive genes to other bacteria in the form of plasmids.
What is the importance of eukaryotes?
The ability to maintain different environments inside a single cell allows eukaryotic cells to carry out complex metabolic reactions that prokaryotes cannot. In fact, it’s a big part of the reason why eukaryotic cells can grow to be many times larger than prokaryotic ones.
Why are prokaryotes simpler than eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic cells are structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells. The smaller a cell, the greater its surface to volume ratio. The smaller the surface to volume ratio, the more structurally complex (compartmentalized) a cell needs to be in order to carry out life functions.