What does channelization mean?
Channelization may refer to: Channelization (roads), the separation of divergent traffic flows within a roadway. Channelization (rivers), the alteration of a waterway to improve its characteristics for shipping. Channelization (telecommunications), the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals on the same line.
What is river normalization?
One popular technique used to reduce flood risk associated witha flood mitigation scheme, is normalization of a river bank. This methodcan be effected done by adjusting the width of the river on the left andright banks, in order to increase channel capacity.
What is the difference between TDMA FDMA and CDMA?
Each user is assigned with a unique code sequence….Difference between FDMA, CDMA and TDMA :
| FDMA | TDMA | CDMA |
|---|---|---|
| Mode of data transfer is continuous signal. | Mode of data transfer is signal in burts. | Mode of data transfer is digital signal. |
| It is little flexible. | It is moderate flexible. | It is highly flexible. |
What are random access protocols?
Random Access Protocol: In this, all stations have same superiority that is no station has more priority than another station. Any station can send data depending on medium’s state( idle or busy). It has two features: There is no fixed sequence of stations sending data.
What is the difference between CSMA CD and CSMA CA?
CSMA/CA stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance is a network protocol for carrier transmission. Like CSMA/CD it is also operated in the medium access control layer….Related Articles.
| S.NO | CSMA/CD | CSMA/CA |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | CSMA / CD is effective after a collision. | Whereas CSMA / CA is effective before a collision. |
How does CSMA work?
CSMA with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)
- When a frame is ready, the transmitting station checks whether the channel is idle or busy.
- If the channel is busy, the station waits until the channel becomes idle.
- If the channel is idle, the station waits for an Inter-frame gap (IFG) amount of time and then sends the frame.
- After sending the frame, it sets a timer.
What are MAC protocols?
The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is used to provide the data link layer of the Ethernet LAN system.
What are the two types of MAC protocols?
These are as following below.
- Contention-based protocols without reservation/scheduling – Bandwidth are not reserved.
- Contention-based protocols with reservation mechanisms – Bandwidth is reserved for transmission.
- Contention-based protocols with scheduling mechanisms –
- Other protocols –
What is the main issue in MAC protocol?
The issues associated with the design of a MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks are: node mobility; an error- prone, broadcast and shared channel; time-synchronization; bandwidth efficiency; QoS support.
Why do MACs need LAN protocols?
MAC protocol is more important for wireless LAN because of the medium used. Air has multiple points of access so MAC protocol is needed. Wired LAN has a dedicated link, a fixed link layer address so MAC protocol is not needed since there is not multiple points of access.
What is the importance of MAC address?
The MAC address is an important element of computer networking. MAC addresses uniquely identify a computer on the LAN. MAC is an essential component required for network protocols like TCP/IP to function. Computer operating systems and broadband routers support viewing and sometimes changing MAC addresses.
What is Mac and its types?
There are two types of MAC addresses: static and dynamic. Depending on their type, MAC addresses are either stored in the Static Address table or in the Dynamic Address table, along with VLAN and port information. Static addresses are configured by the user, and therefore, they do not expire.
What happens when two devices have the same MAC address?
In order for a network device to be able to communicate, the MAC Address it is using must be unique. If two devices have the same MAC Address (which occurs more often than network administrators would like), neither computer can communicate properly. On an Ethernet LAN, this will cause a high number of collisions.
What is FFFF FFFF MAC address?
ffff. ffff , this is the special reserved MAC address indicating a broadcast frame. This is what makes an ARP Request a broadcast. Had Host A chosen to send this frame using a specific host’s MAC address in the destination, then the ARP request would have been unicast.
Can two devices have the same IP address?
The Question As I understand it, two computers cannot have the same public (external) IP address unless they are connected via the same router. If they are connected via the same router, then they can have (share) the same public IP address yet have different private (local) IP addresses.
Can MAC address be spoofed?
What is MAC spoofing and why is it done? One of the most important strategies used in MAC spoofing attacks is to mask the MAC address, also popularly known as MAC ID spoofing. Spoofing in general means the diverse methods available to control and operate the fundamental address system in different computer networks.
How do I enable spoofing MAC address?
Find your network adapter listed on the left and click on the + symbol next to it to drop down some additional options. Click on Advanced Features, and then over on the right, check the checkbox for Enable spoofing of MAC addresses.
Why would a unauthorized hacker want to spoof a MAC address?
One reason is because MAC addresses sent over public LAN or WLAN networks are usually unencrypted. Every user on the network can then track which devices are registered in the network, read out the respective hardware addresses, and use them for illegal activities. Hackers use this opportunity to surf anonymously.
Does VPN change MAC address?
When VPN is used it really does not affect or hide your device’s MAC address, but it does not need to do it anyway since in the long device chain your MAC does not travel any further than your router. If you want to really protect yourself you could use a VPN to hide your IPv6 address or try to spoof your MAC address.
Is Internet visible MAC address?
A MAC address is a number used to uniquely identify your device on the local network segment. The address is (and needs to be) visible to everyone on the network segment, but because of how network routing works, is not normally visible to anyone else.
How do I find MAC address?
To Find the MAC Address: Open a Command Prompt -> type ipconfig /all and press Enter-> The Physical Address is the MAC address. Click Start or click in the search box and type cmd.
Does a VPN hide a MAC address?
Can VPN hide MAC addresses? To put it shortly, VPNs can’t spoof your MAC address, and doing so would be pointless. Masking your MAC address would only make sense if you want to protect yourself from other users on the same network.