What are clinical laboratory tests?

What are clinical laboratory tests?

Laboratory tests are medical devices that are intended for use on samples of blood, urine, or other tissues or substances taken from the body to help diagnose disease or other conditions.

What are the types of laboratory test?

Common Lab Tests

• Complete Blood Count. This test, also known as a CBC, is the most common blood test performed.
• Prothrombin Time. Also known as PT and Pro Time, this test measures how long it takes blood to clot.
• Basic Metabolic Panel.
• Comprehensive Metabolic Panel.
• Lipid Panel.
• Liver Panel.
• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.
• Hemoglobin A1C.

What are the normal ranges for lab tests?

Laboratory Reference Ranges in Healthy Adults

• Ammonia: 15-50 µmol/L.
• Ceruloplasmin: 15-60 mg/dL.
• Chloride: 95-105 mmol/L.
• Copper: 70-150 µg/dL.
• Creatinine: 0.8-1.3 mg/dL.
• Blood urea nitrogen: 8-21 mg/dL.
• Ferritin: 12-300 ng/mL (men), 12-150 ng/mL (women)
• Glucose: 65-110 mg/dL.

What lab values does Nclex use?

Common labs on the NCLEX

• pH: 7.35-7.45.
• PaO2: 80-100 mm Hg.
• PaCO2: 35-45 mm Hg.
• HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L.
• SaO2: >95%

What are the normal values for a CBC?

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

TEST	Reference Range2
Hemoglobin (Hb)	Conventional Units Men: 14-17.5 g/dL Women: 12.3-15.3 g/dL SI Units Men: 140-175 g/L Women: 123-153 g/L
Hematocrit (Hct)	Conventional Units Men: 41.5-50.4% Women: 35.9-44.6% SI Units Men: 0.415-0.504 volume fraction Women: 0.359-0.446 volume fraction
RBC indices

What is a normal WBC level?

The normal number of WBCs in the blood is 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter (4.5 to 11.0 × 109/L). Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different labs. Some labs use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your provider about your test results.

What diseases can be diagnosed with a CBC?

These are some of the health problems that can be identified by a CBC:

• anemia (low iron)
• autoimmune disorders.
• bone marrow problems.
• cancer.
• dehydration.
• heart disease.
• infection.
• inflammation.

What blood tests should I get annually?

The 5 types of blood tests you should do every year

• Broad Thyroid Panel.
• Essential Nutrients: iron/ferritin, vitamin D, vitamin B12, magnesium.
• Complete Metabolic Panel and Complete Blood Count.
• Metabolic Markers: Hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid panel.
• Inflammatory markers: hsCRP, homocysteine.

What is the most complete blood test?

Complete blood cell count (CBC): This is one of the most commonly ordered blood tests, which is the measure of the concentration of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in the blood. The size of your red cells can be a good indicator of nutritional deficiencies

What is the best blood test for overall health?

Here are the 10 most important blood tests for determining your health status.

1. Complete Metabolic and Lipid Panel. This is the test you might receive at an annual physical.
2. Vitamin D-25 Hydroxy.
3. Hemoglobin A1C.
4. DHEA.
5. Homocysteine.
6. C-reactive protein.
7. Thyroid-stimulating hormone.
8. Testosterone (free testosterone)

What tests should a woman have every year?

Tests you need in your 20s and 30s

• Pelvic exam and Pap smear. Regardless of sexual history, women aged 21 and older should have a Pap smear every three years.
• Screening for breast cancer.
• Physical exam.
• Cholesterol test.
• Blood pressure screening.
• Eye exam.
• Dental exam.
• Immunizations.

What STD can be detected by blood test?

Blood tests are currently used to diagnose HIV, genital herpes, and syphilis. STD testing may also involve urine testing or taking swabs of the inside of the mouth, anus, the affected area, or sores.

What do standard blood tests show?

Blood Tests

• Evaluate how well organs—such as the kidneys, liver, thyroid, and heart—are working.
• Diagnose diseases and conditions such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, anemia (uh-NEE-me-eh), and coronary heart disease.
• Find out whether you have risk factors for heart disease.
• Check whether medicines you’re taking are working.

Can my doctor test my blood for drugs without telling me?

Lack of informed consent in clinical testing In many cases, such as trauma or overdose, explicit consent is not possible. However, even when substance abuse is suspected and the patient is able to provide consent, clinicians often order drug testing without the patient’s knowledge and consent.

What does it mean if your liver function test is high?

Elevated liver enzymes are a sign that a person has an inflamed or damaged liver. Many conditions may cause liver inflammation or damage. Doctors use a blood test to check for elevated liver enzymes. They may test anyone with symptoms of one of the conditions that they know to raise liver enzyme levels

Can abnormal liver function be reversed?

In the most serious cases of ARLD, the liver loses its ability to function, leading to liver failure. A liver transplant is currently the only way to cure irreversible liver failure. A liver transplant may be considered if: you develop progressive liver failure, despite not drinking alcohol.

Is ALT level of 52 high?

The normal range for ALT is 10-40 units per liter (U/L) of blood for men and 7-35 U/L for women. Blood tests from InsideTracker will tell you your optimal range for ALT based on your age, gender, ethnicity, athletic activity, alcohol consumption, BMI, and smoking history

What are symptoms of poor liver function?

If signs and symptoms of liver disease do occur, the may include:

• Skin and eyes that appear yellowish (jaundice)
• Abdominal pain and swelling.
• Swelling in the legs and ankles.
• Itchy skin.
• Dark urine color.
• Pale stool color.
• Chronic fatigue.
• Nausea or vomiting.

What does stool look like with liver problems?

Pale stools. If the stools are pale, it may indicate a problem with the liver or other part of the biliary drainage system. Black tarry stools can happen in advanced liver disease and are caused by blood passing through the gastrointestinal tract – this needs urgent medical attention

What are the 4 stages of liver disease?

Stages of liver failure

• Inflammation. In this early stage, the liver is enlarged or inflamed.
• Fibrosis. Scar tissue begins to replace healthy tissue in the inflamed liver.
• Cirrhosis. Severe scarring has built up, making it difficult for the liver to function properly.
• End-stage liver disease (ESLD).
• Liver cancer.

What foods are hard on the liver?

6 foods to avoid if you have a fatty liver

• Alcohol. Alcohol is a major cause of fatty liver disease as well as other liver diseases.
• Added sugar. Stay away from sugary foods such as candy, cookies, sodas, and fruit juices.
• Fried foods. These are high in fat and calories.
• Salt.
• White bread, rice, and pasta.
• Red meat.

What happens when you drink alcohol everyday?

Drinking too much puts you at risk for some cancers, such as cancer of the mouth, esophagus, throat, liver and breast. It can affect your immune system. If you drink every day, or almost every day, you might notice that you catch colds, flu or other illnesses more frequently than people who don’t drink

What are the first signs of kidney damage from alcohol?

Possible symptoms include:

• a reduced amount of urine.
• swelling of your legs, ankles, and feet from retention of fluids caused by the failure of the kidneys to eliminate water waste.
• unexplained shortness of breath.
• excessive drowsiness or fatigue.
• persistent nausea.
• confusion.
• pain or pressure in your chest.
• seizures.