What is female genital mutilations PDF?
Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C), sometimes called female circumcision or female genital mutilation, means piercing, cutting, removing, or sewing closed all or part of a girl’s or woman’s external genitals for no medical reason.
Is it an Offence to fail to protect a girl from FGM?
Offence of failing to protect a girl from risk of FGM The maximum penalty for the new offence is seven years’ imprisonment or a fine or both.
Where is FGM legal?
The legal status of female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), differs widely across the world….Laws by country.
| Country | Kenya |
|---|---|
| Criminalised | Specific anti-FGM law |
| Since | 2001 |
| Notes | Specific national anti-FGM law which prohibits FGM. Cross-border FGM also criminalised. |
What is the penalty for FGM?
14 years’ imprisonment
Is mutilation a crime?
Maiming has often been a criminal offense; the old law term for a special case of maiming of persons was mayhem, an Anglo-French variant form of the word. Maiming of animals by others than their owners is a particular form of the offense generally grouped as malicious damage.
How long do you go to jail for FGM?
It replaced the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985, extending the ban on female genital mutilation to address the practice of taking girls abroad to undergo FGM procedures, and increased the maximum penalty from 5 to 14 years’ imprisonment.
Is it illegal to take a child abroad for FGM?
It’s also illegal to take abroad a British national or permanent resident for FGM , or to help someone trying to do this. You can get up to 14 years in prison for carrying out FGM or helping it to take place.
What is FGM training?
The Female Genital Mutilation programme (e-FGM) is made up of five 20 to 30 minute e-learning sessions which are designed to improve the knowledge and awareness amongst healthcare professionals of some of the issues which FGM has on women and children.
What is a FGM victim?
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is when part or all of a girl or young woman’s genitals are removed or injured for non-medical reasons. It’s sometimes called ‘female genital cutting’ or ‘female circumcision’. Some communities use local names for referring to FGM, for example ‘sunna’.
What is the meaning of infibulation?
The most pervasive form of female genital mutilation/cutting—infibulation—involves the almost complete closure of the vaginal orifice by cutting and closing the labia to create a skin seal. A small opening remains for the passage of urine and menstrual blood.
What is FGM in Kenya?
Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting and female circumcision, is the ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the external female genitalia. The practice is found in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, and within communities from countries in which FGM is common.
Where did FGM?
Some researchers have traced the practice to Egypt in the fifth-century BC and argue that the geographical distribution of FGM suggests that it originated on the west coast of the Red Sea. Egyptian mummies show women infibulated and this is supported by a Greek papyrus in the British Museum dated 163 BC.
Is FGM legal in the US?
With the passage of the federal law ban, the Female Genital Mutilation Act, in 1996, performing FGM on anyone under age 18 became a felony in the United States. However, in 2018, the act was stuck down as unconstitutional by US federal district judge Bernard A.
Which country has the highest rate of FGM?
In a 2013 UNICEF report covering 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East, Egypt had the region’s highest total number of women that have undergone FGM (27.2 million), while Somalia had the highest percentage (prevalence) of FGM (98%). The world’s first known campaign against FGM took place in Egypt in the 1920s.
What is chest ironing?
Breast ironing, also known as breast flattening, is the pounding and massaging of a pubescent girl’s breasts, using hard or heated objects, to try to make them stop developing or disappear. The most widely used implement for breast ironing is a wooden pestle normally used for pounding tubers.
Is FGM practiced in Bangladesh?
Interesting examples also include other Muslim majority countries such as Bangladesh, Angola and Saudi Arabia where there is no legal ban or fatwa on FGM and yet there are no reported incidents of FGM.
Why is breast ironing carried out?
Breast ironing is often carried out by the girl’s mother with the belief that she is: Protecting her daughter from sexual harassment and / or rape. Preventing the risk of early pregnancy by “removing” signs of puberty.
Why is breast ironing a safeguarding issue?
The practice of breast ironing is seen as a protection to girls by making them seem ‘child-like’ for longer and reduce the likelihood of pregnancy. Once girls’ breasts have developed, they are at risk of sexual harassment, rape, forced marriage and kidnapping; consequently, breast ironing is more prevalent in cities.
Is infibulation still in practice?
Today, infibulation and other female mutilations are still practiced in various parts of the world. There are 3 different types of infibulation, involving removal or mutilation of different parts of the female genitalia. Every Sudanese girl is circumcised when she has passed her 6th birthday.
Why is circumcision allowed?
Circumcision Benefits A reduced risk of some sexually transmitted diseases in men. Protection against penile cancer and a lower risk of cervical cancer in female sex partners. Prevention of balanitis (inflammation of the glans) and balanoposthitis (inflammation of the glans and foreskin)
Is circumcision a mutilation?
In many cases this is done without good medical justification, for example to force the infant to conform to the expectations of a particular religion. Just as we call sex without consent ‘rape’, circumcision without consent or reasonable justification should be called ‘mutilation’.
Why do Americans circumcise?
The medical community agrees: both the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) claim the benefits of circumcision outweigh the risks, citing evidence that circumcision lowers a man’s risk for HIV, urinary-tract infections and penile cancer.