What is the definition of lithography?
1 : the process of printing from a plane surface (such as a smooth stone or metal plate) on which the image to be printed is ink-receptive and the blank area ink-repellent. 2 : the process of producing patterns on semiconductor crystals for use as integrated circuits.
What is lithography and when was it it first used?
Lithography was invented around 1796 in Germany by an otherwise unknown Bavarian playwright, Alois Senefelder, who accidentally discovered that he could duplicate his scripts by writing them in greasy crayon on slabs of limestone and then printing them with rolled-on ink.
What is lithographic printing?
Lithography/Lithographic and offset printing, or litho printing for short, is where the image of the content you want to produce is placed on a plate which is then covered in ink and used for printing. This process can be used to print on paper, cardboard and many other materials.
What is a modern lithograph?
In modern lithography, the image is made of a polymer coating applied to a flexible plastic or metal plate. The related term “photolithography” refers to the use of photographic images in lithographic printing, whether these images are printed directly from a stone or from a metal plate, as in offset printing.
What are the advantages of lithography?
The Advantages of Lithographic Printing
- Clarity. Offset lithography creates clear, smooth, sharp images and text on a variety of materials.
- Lack of Impressions.
- Low Cost.
- Speed.
- Versatility.
What are the disadvantages of lithography?
Disadvantages of Litho Printing
| Digital Printing | Litho Printing | |
|---|---|---|
| Speed of print | Faster process | Slower |
| Personalisation | Easy to personalise or change | Not very time or cost effective. |
| Cost per print | Cheaper on small runs | Cheaper the more you print |
| Finish | Sharp & Precise | Soft |
Why is offset lithography used?
What is Offset Lithography Used For? Offset lithography is usually used by people who are looking for highly detailed pictures and rich colours. Offset lithography is often used to print high-quality promotional materials such as branded coasters, mouse mats and product advertisers
What are the advantages of flexography?
An advantage of flexography is that is a fast and economical method to print relatively simple designs on stand up packaging.
- It supports a range of colors.
- It can be used with water-based inks as well as oil-based inks. Currently water-based inks are popular because of their non-toxicity.
What are the disadvantages of flexography?
Disadvantages of gravure printing
- Origination costs – The initial cylinder set up costs can be very high.
- Production Costs – Gravure printing is not always as competitive on price as other printing methods, especially for shorter print runs but is very competitive when compared to Far East suppliers.
What is the meaning of flexography?
: a process of rotary letterpress printing using flexible plates and fast-drying inks.
What is an advantage of gravure?
Abstract. Gravure printing is characterized by excellent print quality and high printing speed. Its further advantages are that it involves a simple printing process, accurate ink use, and the flexibility of printing machine structures.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of flexography?
Flexography’s chief advantages are that it is fast, adaptable, good for color and continuous images and employs ink that dries nearly instantly. Its disadvantages include the cost of its plates, the consumption of costly stock and the large amount of time needed for setup.
Is gravure printing expensive?
Cost and Lead Time: Gravure image carriers are typically much more expensive than flexo image carriers, making the number of prints required to break even much higher. Gravure, however, has a longer press run time, as the cylinders do not require as frequent changing as those in the flexo printing process
What is gravure ink?
Typically used when high quality and sharp, fine lines are necessary, gravure printing is a type of intaglio printing, using copper cylinders that rotate within a gravure-ink-filled pan, which subsequently transfer an image onto the surface material.
What causes the ink to be raised in thermographic?
Process. Thermography is a specialized process that combines offset printing ink with a powdered resin which is baked so that the resin rises to give the ink a raised, textured effect. There are several types of powder used in thermography: fine, medium and coarse, dull, matte and gloss
What is the viscosity of ink?
In ink terminology, viscosity refers to the extent to which ink will resist flowing. The viscosity of an ink will depend on the printing process it is designed for, and the nature of the substrate to which it will adhere. An ink’s viscosity is a component of its body.
What are the SI units of viscosity?
The SI unit of dynamic viscosity is the newton-second per square meter (N. s/m2), also frequently expressed in the equivalent forms pascal-second (Pa. s) and kilogram per meter per second (kg.
What is viscosity in water?
If I fill the same cup with water, for example, the cup will drain much more quickly. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid.
How the viscosity is measured?
Capillary Viscometers Measuring viscosity via a capillary tube is one of the oldest methods of determining the kinematic viscosity of a sample, requiring prior knowledge of the density and volume of the sample of interest. This fluid is passed through a vertical U-tube of known dimensions and very small diameter.
What is the formula for calculating viscosity?
There are several formulas and equations to calculate viscosity, the most common of which is Viscosity = (2 x (ball density – liquid density) x g x a^2) ÷ (9 x v), where g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s^2, a = radius of ball bearing, and v = velocity of ball bearing through liquid.
Why is viscosity important in food?
Viscosity is an important property of fluid foods. It is defined as the internal friction of a liquid or its ability to resist flow. Liquid food systems can be highly shear-sensitive and the structure can break down with the application of shear, as is the case during mixing or when pumped through pipes.
What are the types of viscosity?
Types of Viscosity
- Dynamic Viscosity. Dynamic viscosity measures the ratio of the shear stress to the shear rate for a fluid.
- Kinematic Viscosity. Kinematic viscosity measures the ratio of the viscous force to the inertial force on the fluid.
- Common Units.
- Newtonian Fluids.
- Non-Newtonian Fluids.