What are votive figures?
Votive statues are under-life size anthropomorphic representations that were created as the embodiment of the worshipper and were set up at strategic points within the temple as dedications to the god. A wide variety of people are represented by these votive statues.
Who made votive figures?
The Votive Figures date back from 2900-2600 B.C.E. These figures were made of limestone; they were excavated from the Square Temple in Eshnunna (which is present day Tell Asmar, Iraq). These Sumerian sculptors were experts in the materials used to create such art.
How were Sumerian cylinder seals made?
How were Sumerian cylinder seals made? When a cylinder stamp was rolled across soft clay and applied to the closure that was to be sealed, an impression was left. This impression insured that no unauthorized person could open whatever was being sealed.
What was the function of Sumerian seals?
These seals were worn by their owners on strings of leather or other material around the neck or wrist or pinned to a garment. Their purpose was to serve as a personal signature on a document or package to guarantee authenticity or legitimize a business deal as one signs a letter or form in the present day.
What were the Indus seals used for and what were the seals made of?
Seals were used to make a sealing, or positive imprint, like this modern resin one made from the original seal. Sealings were used in ancient times for trade. They would be made on ceramics or the clay tags used to seal the rope around bundles of goods.
What were Indus Valley seals made of?
steatite
Who discovered seals at Harappa?
Sir Alexander Cunningham
Did Harappans worship Shiva?
The people of the Indus Valley also appear to have worshipped a male god. Even today, Siva is worshipped in both human form and that of the phallus. The deity sitting in a yoga-like position suggests that yoga may have been a legacy of the very first great culture that occupied India.
Why were the Pashupati seals used?
The Pashupati Seal is a steatite seal that was discovered at the Mohenjo-daro archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization. The seal depicts a seated figure that is possibly tricephalic (having three heads). It was once thought to be ithyphallic, an interpretation that is now mostly discarded.
What Stone was Harappan seals made of?
What is the importance of seal?
Seals were utilized to make a fixing, or positive engraving while doing trade. Sealings were utilized as a part of antiquated circumstances for exchange. They would be made on earthenware production or the mud labels used to seal the rope around bundles of goods.
How were Harappan seals and sealing used to facilitate long distance?
Harappa seals and sealings were used to facilitate long distance communication. The mouth of the bag of goods was tied up with rope and on the knot was affixed some wet clay on which one or more seals were pressed, leaving an impression.
What is sealing in history?
A seal is a device for making an impression in wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made. However engraved gems were often carved in relief, called cameo in this context, giving a “counter-relief” or intaglio impression when used as seals.
What are Navy Seals called?
The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the U.S. Navy’s primary special operations force and a component of the Naval Special Warfare Command.
Can you send wax sealed envelopes in the mail?
Placing a wax seal on the outer of an envelope is generally safe for mailing. There is a slight chance for scuffing to be caused by modern sorting machines, however this will affect less than 1 in a 100 envelopes sent.
What are the two types of seals?
There are two types of seals: the earless, or true, seals (family Phocidae); and the eared seals (family Otariidae), which comprise the sea lions and fur seals.
What is a positive seal?
Seals can be of a positive or non-positive type and are generally designed for static or dynamic applications. Positive seals do not allow any leakage whatsoever. Non-positive seals permit a small amount of internal leakage. Static seals are used between mating parts, which do not move relative to each other.
What materials were used in making seals?
As well as the carved stone seals, archaeologists have found figurines, beads, weights and pots for cooking and storage. Materials used to make these include clay, gold, semi-precious and precious stones, copper, ivory and glass.
What two parts were the cities divided and why?
Explanation: The cities of the Indus Valley civilisation were divided into two parts, i.e. the citadel and the lower town. The Granary and the Great Bath were in the citadel of Mohenjodaro.
What is meant by dynamic seals?
A dynamic seal application is best described as one where there is motion between a hardware component and the sealing element. This motion can be reciprocating, rotary, or oscillating. In the case of a valve stem seal, it may also be a combination of more than one type.
What are the three types of valve guide seals?
Either way, the engine is going to have problems.
- There are three types of valve guide seals: umbrella, positive, and O-ring [ see Figure 4 ].
- The umbrella seal, used on many older engines, fits snugly over the valve stem.
- The O-ring seal was used on many millions of older General Motors engines.
What is the difference between a static and dynamic seal?
A static seal functions against mating surfaces that have no relative motion between each other. Dynamic seals exist when there is motion between surfaces. Typical motions include reciprocating, oscillating, and rotation.
Where are dynamic seals used?
Dynamic seals are the type of seals used to produce a barrier between stationary or moving surfaces in linear, oscillating, and rotary motion applications. These seals are used to separate or retain fluids, pressure, and remove contaminants.
Where are static seals used?
Static seals are used in hydraulic applications where two mating surfaces or edges require positive sealing. A static seal, by definition, is one that remains stationary and subjected to no movement and its related friction.
What type of seal is used if there is no relative movement between the surface?
Static seals are categorized as seals whose mating gland parts do not move relative to one another. There is no motion in the sealing surface between the seal and gland.
What is a lip seal?
Lip seals serve to protect lubricated moving parts and they do this by keeping the lubricant inside the bearing, and keeping contamination from dirt or other liquids out. The term lip seal is generally used to refer to what is correctly known as rotary shaft seals or oil seals or a radial shaft seal.
What are mechanical seals used for?
Mechanical seals are intended to prevent the fluid (water or oil) used by a machine from leaking to the external environment (the atmosphere or a body of water).