How do you calculate the energy content of fuel?
where H = heat energy absorbed (in J), ∆t = change in temperature (in °C), m = mass (in g), and Cp = specific heat capacity (4.18 J/g°C for water). Dividing the resulting energy value by grams of food burned gives the energy content (in J/g).
Which fuel has the highest energy content?
hydrogen
What does a higher fuel value mean?
Fuel values are defined as the amount of energy generated by complete combustion of a particular mass of the fuel (usually one gram). It takes more energy to move larger amounts of mass; thus the higher the energy density (fuel value) the less energy is used transporting the fuel.
How do you calculate LHV?
Under this formula, the relationship between the lower heating value of a fuel and the higher heating value of that fuel is: LHV = HHV – 10.55(W + 9H) Where: LHV = lower heating value of fuel in Btu/lb, HHV = higher heating value of fuel in Btu/lb, W = Weight % of moisture in fuel, and H = Weight % of hydrogen in fuel.
How do you find the calorific value of a bomb calorimeter?
It is therefore useful to distinguish the calorific value as determined with the bomb calorimeter by calling it the gross calorific value. A lower value can be derived, which is the gross calorific value minus the latent heat of condensation at 15.5°C of all of the water involved. This is named the net calorific value.
What is the use of a bomb calorimeter?
It is a constant-volume type calorimeter that measures the heat of a particular reaction or measures the calorific value of the fuels. Bomb calorimeters are built in such a way that they can withstand the large pressure produced within the calorimeter due to the reaction or burning of fuel.
What is the principle of bomb calorimeter?
Bomb calorimeters have to withstand the large pressure within the calorimeter as the reaction is being measured. Electrical energy is used to ignite the fuel; as the fuel is burning, it will heat up the surrounding air, which expands and escapes through a tube that leads the air out of the calorimeter.
What type of system is a bomb calorimeter?
A bomb calorimeter is a closed system because it allows heat to be exchanged. While this system is insulated, an “insulated system” is not one of the main three types of systems: closed, open, and isolated. An isolated system would not allow for any transfer of matter or energy.
Is your calorimeter an open or closed system?
Answer: An open system can exchange both matter and energy with the surroundings. ∆ H is measured when an open system is used as a calorimeter. ∆ U is measured when a closed system is used as a calorimeter because there is no change in volume and thus no expansion work can be done.
Is an ice pack an open system?
An open system can exchange matter and energy with its surroundings and an example of this is the human body. A closed system has a set amount of matter but can exchange energy with the surroundings. An example of a closed system is an ice pack used to treat athletic injuries.
What is an open or closed system?
A system can be either closed or open: A closed system is a system that is completely isolated from its environment. An open system is a system that has flows of information, energy, and/or matter between the system and its environment, and which adapts to the exchange. …
Is a cup of coffee a closed system?
Hot coffee in a closed cup is a closed system because it can only exchange energy (heat) through the cups walls.
What counts as a closed system?
A closed system is a physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system, though, in different contexts, such as physics, chemistry or engineering, the transfer of energy is or is not allowed.
What is an example of a closed system organization?
Closed systems, unlike open systems, have hard boundaries through which little information is exchanged. Organizations that have closed boundaries often are unhealthy. Examples include bureaucracies, monopolies and stagnating systems.
What is an example of a closed system in nature?
Example of Closed System: Water Cycle: Distributions of water as liquid, solid, or gas is always a constant. The Earth does not receive more water from space, neither does any water escape from the Earth.
Is a river a closed system?
(A) A closed system, such as a cooling lava flow, exchanges only radiant heat. (B) Open systems, such as a river, exchange energy and matter. In a river, water and sediment are collected from the drainage area and flow through the system to the sea. Most geologic systems are open systems.
Is a watch a closed system?
The units or elements of a system can be cogs, wires, people, computers, and so on. In contrast, a watch is an example of a closed system in that it is a relatively self-contained, self-maintaining unit that has little interaction or exchange with its environment.
Is the sun an open or closed system?
Closed system-transfer of energy. Open system – transfer of energy and matter takes place. Matter is something which has mass and occupied space. So sun is a open system.
What is the ultimate closed system?
QTF ‘Ultimate Closed System®’is a closed panel Timber Frame solution, designed to eliminate the risks of any gaps and closed bridges. It is also professionally insulated and overall ensuring maximum heat retention and active automatic cooling of its environment, driven by natural result of the timber.
Is a car engine an open or closed system?
In summary, during the intake and exhaust stroke the system acts as an open system and during the compression and power stroke it acts as a closed system.