What is the relationship between valence electrons and bonding?
Valence electrons are outer shell electrons with an atom and can participate in the formation of chemical bonds. In single covalent bonds, typically both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair. The ground state of an atom is the lowest energy state of the atom.
Why do ionic bonds steal electrons?
An ionic bond is held together by the electrostatic attraction between ions that are near one another. In this type of bond, one atom gives up electrons and becomes a positively charged ion (cation). Another atom dons a ski mask and steals the electrons to become a negatively charged ion (anion).
Why electron transfer is important?
Electron Transfer. Electron transfer, or the act of moving an electron from one place to another, is amongst the simplest of chemical processes, yet certainly one of the most critical. The process of efficiently and controllably moving electrons around is one of the primary regulation mechanisms in biology.
Why does electron transfer happen?
Electron transfer (ET) occurs when an electron relocates from an atom or molecule to another such chemical entity. ET is a mechanistic description of a redox reaction, wherein the oxidation state of reactant and product changes.
What is excited electron transfer?
Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) is an excited state electron transfer process by which an excited electron is transferred from donor to acceptor. Due to PET a charge separation is generated, i.e., redox reaction takes place in excited state (this phenomenon is not observed in Dexter electron transfer).
How does element become stable?
An atom is stable if the forces among the particles that makeup the nucleus are balanced. An atom is unstable (radioactive) if these forces are unbalanced; if the nucleus has an excess of internal energy. Instability of an atom’s nucleus may result from an excess of either neutrons or protons.
What causes an atom to be radioactive?
When the atoms of an element have extra neutrons or protons it creates extra energy in the nucleus and causes the atom to become unbalanced or unstable. Whether radioactive elements can become stable and if so, how. The unstable nucleus of radioactive atoms emit radiation. This process is called radioactive decay.