What is lateral and longitudinal acceleration?
The longitudinal acceleration is in g force again similar to the lateral load transfer. The g force value is “Ax”. If you have acceleration in meters per second squared then the below equation can be used to convert it into units of g. If the longitudinal acceleration is due to acceleration then it is a positive value.
What is difference between longitudinal and lateral?
Lateral – spanning the width of a body. The distinction between width and length may be unclear out of context. Longitudinal – spanning the length of a body.
Which type of force is lateral?
Lateral loads are live loads that are applied parallel to the ground; that is, they are horizontal forces acting on a structure. They are different to gravity loads for example which are vertical, downward forces. The most common types are: Wind load.
What is a transfer load?
“Load transfer” is a term used to describe the transfer (or distribution) load across discontinuities such as joints or cracks (AASHTO, 1993). When a wheel load is applied at a joint or crack, both the loaded slab and adjacent unloaded slab deflect.
What is the difference between load and weight transfer?
Weight transfer and load transfer are two expressions used somewhat confusingly to describe two distinct effects: the change in load borne by different wheels of even perfectly rigid vehicles during acceleration.
How does weight transfer effect the skidding of the wheel of a vehicle?
As a braking vehicle decelerates, friction forces between the tires and road produce a torque about the vehicle’s center of mass. This effect, called weight transfer, removes weight from the rear wheels and results in a minimum stopping distance that is in general longer than that given in the usual textbook treatment.
Why do cars squat under acceleration?
This is felt as lifting of the vehicle during sudden acceleration as the car body is suspended on the driving components. Stiffer springs reduce this effect and hence they squat less when compared to softer springs. The same phenomenon occurs while braking also.
When braking the proper technique is?
Once the vehicle is in the proper low gear, the following is the proper braking technique: Apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown. When your speed has been reduced to approximately 5 mph below your “safe” speed, release the brakes. (This brake application should last about 3 seconds.)
Why very high braking efficiency is not desirable?
The braking efficiency is generally less than 100% because of insufficient road adhesion, the vehicle is on a down gradient or ineffective brake system. The brake efficiency is similar to the coefficient of friction, which is the ratio of the frictional force to the normal load between the rubbing surfaces.
Why is regenerative braking limited?
The root cause of regenerative braking being limited is your battery. The limitation can be caused by: Cold Temperatures/conditions. A fully charged battery, with no more capacity for a charge.
How does regenerative braking works in an EV?
In a battery-powered electric vehicle, regenerative braking (also called regen) is the conversion of the vehicle’s kinetic energy into chemical energy stored in the battery, where it can be used later to drive the vehicle. It is braking because it also serves to slow the vehicle.
Why Regenerative braking is used?
Regenerative braking is a unique technique that is used in EVs to capture energy that the vehicle has due to its motion or, in other words, its kinetic energy that would have been wasted when the vehicle decelerates or comes to a standstill while braking.
Do all electric vehicles have regenerative braking?
Electric vehicles (EVs) run primarily off the charge they stored when plugged into an outlet, but use regenerative braking to help top up the battery. In addition to the regenerative system, all electrified vehicles have conventional braking systems as regular vehicles do.
Which motor is used in regenerative braking?
In single stage electric braking method, the braking and energy regeneration are achieved by the use of single stage bidirectional DC/AC converter which is used to drive the BLDC motor. The BLDC motor driven by a single stage bidirectional converter is shown in Fig. 1.
Do electric scooters have regenerative braking?
Activating the regenerative brakes on your electric scooter couples the DC motor into a charging circuit — force-feeding electrons back into your battery — creating drag on the motor.