Why is the shadow zone larger for S waves than P waves?
This bending in the outer core creates a P-wave shadow zone where no P-waves are detected. 5. Figure 19.2b: S-waves do not travel through the outer core, creating an even bigger shadow zone for S-waves. The fact that S-waves do not travel through the outer core suggests that the latter is liquid.
Which layer is the deepest explorations made by miners?
mantle
Why do P waves reappear at 142 degrees but S waves do not reappear after 103?
How do P & S waves give evidence for a liquid outer core? S waves, however, don’t reappear beyond an angular distance of ~103° (as they are stopped by the liquid) and P waves don’t arrive between ~103° and 140° due to refraction at the mantle-core boundary.
Why do S waves and P waves not always travel in straight lines?
The lines of the P waves and the S waves are not straight because they are reflected and refracted as they pass into different rocks. This causes the line to curve. This effect is more pronounced at the boundaries between layers, for example, as the wave goes from the mantle to the outer core.
Is Primary Wave also known as transverse wave?
For seismic waves through the bulk material the longitudinal or compressional waves are called P waves (for “primary” waves) whereas the transverse waves are callled S waves (“secondary” waves). S waves are transverse waves which involve movement of the ground perpendicular to the velocity of propagation.
Why are S waves transverse?
S waves are transverse waves, meaning that the oscillations of an S wave’s particles are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, and the main restoring force comes from shear stress.
What is P waves or longitudinal waves?
P waves, also called compressional or longitudinal waves, give the transmitting medium—whether liquid, solid, or gas—a back-and-forth motion in the direction of the path of propagation, thus stretching or compressing the medium as the wave passes any one point in a manner similar to that of sound waves in air.