How do you find the specific resistance?
Specific Resistance (”ρ”) is a property of any conductive material, a figure used to determine the end-to-end resistance of a conductor given length and area in this formula: R = ρl/A. Specific resistance for materials are given in units of Ω-cmil/ft or Ω-meters (metric).
What are the two main branches of the adaptive immune system?
There are two major branches of the adaptive immune responses: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity involves the production of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, activated macrophages, activated NK cells, and cytokines.
What are the 4 types of adaptive immunity?
- naturally acquired active immunity.
- naturally acquired passive immunity.
- artificially acquired active immunity.
How is the adaptive immune system activated?
Unlike the innate immune system, which attacks only based on the identification of general threats, the adaptive immunity is activated by exposure to pathogens, and uses an immunological memory to learn about the threat and enhance the immune response accordingly.
What are the major parts of adaptive immune system?
Adaptive immunity It is characterized by specificity, immunological memory, and self/nonself recognition. The response involves clonal selection of lymphocytes that respond to a specific antigen. T cells and B cells are the two major components of adaptive immunity.
Where is the adaptive immune system?
The adaptive immune system is made up of: T lymphocytes in the tissue between the body’s cells. B lymphocytes, also found in the tissue between the body’s cells. Antibodies in the blood and other bodily fluids.
What can kill pathogens in the body?
White blood cells: Serving as an army against harmful bacteria and viruses, white blood cells search for and attack and destroy germs to keep you healthy. White blood cells are the key part of the immune system. There are many white blood cell types in the immune system.