How long was the era of nuclei?
380,000 years
What did the first Dying stars create?
The nucleosynthesis that occurs during the explosion of a supernova produces elements with a higher atomic number than iron, which cannot be created by nuclear fusion. When the first stars died out this way, brand new elements, including gold, were formed. Eventually, those elements ended up here on Earth.
What marked the end of the particle era?
The Electroweak Era ended when the Universe cooled sufficiently that W and Z bosons were no longer being created; they decayed away and without them the electroweak force separated from the electromagnetic one and became the short-range weak nuclear force.
What is the particle era?
Particle Era (particles begin to form) Era of Nucleosynthesis (nuclear fusion creates Helium, and tiny amount of heavier elements) Era of Nuclei (electrons are not yet bound to nuclei) Era of Atoms (electrons recombine to form neutral atoms, and the first stars are born)
What event started the electroweak era?
The Electroweak Era began at 10^–38 seconds after the Big Bang, when the temperature of the universe cooled enough to separate the Strong Force from the Electroweak Force (the name for the two unified forces of Electro-magnetism and the Weak Nuclear Force).
What era galaxies were formed?
Based on cosmic microwave background data, astronomers think matter coalesced when the universe cooled and became “transparent” 380,000 years after the Big Bang. And according to recent studies, structures like stars and galaxies formed as early as 200 million years after the Big Bang.
Why matter ERA is important?
Sometime between a few minutes and a million years after the Bang, the charged elementary particles of matter were able to coagulate electromagnetically without being broken apart by radiation as quickly as they combined. This was a most important transformation in the history of the Universe.
How long did the matter ERA last?
After about 50,000 years, the density of matter exceeded the density of radiation for the first time, eventually dominating the universe.
What is the difference between radiation era and matter era?
During this time, the expansion of the Universe was dominated by the effects of radiation or high-speed particles (at high energies, all particles behave like radiation). The radiation era was followed by the matter era, during which slow-moving particles dominated the expansion of the Universe.
What are the epochs in radiation era?
Photon Epoch (or Radiation Domination), from 3 minutes to 240,000 years: During this long period of gradual cooling, the universe is filled with plasma, a hot, opaque soup of atomic nuclei and electrons. Although photons exist, the universe at this time is literally dark, with no stars having formed to give off light.
Can galaxies still form?
The galaxy-formation process has not stopped. Our universe continues to evolve. Small galaxies are frequently gobbled up by larger ones. The Milky Way may contain the remains of several smaller galaxies that it has swallowed during its long lifetime.
Which came first galaxies or stars?
The first stars did not appear until perhaps 100 million years after the big bang, and nearly a billion years passed before galaxies proliferated across the cosmos.
How was the first star born?
The very first stars likely formed when the Universe was about 100 million years old, prior to the formation of the first galaxies. As the elements that make up most of planet Earth had not yet formed, these primordial objects – known as population III stars – were made almost entirely of hydrogen and helium.
Why is the sun metal rich?
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and neon are called “metal-rich” in astrophysical terms, even though all of those elements are non-metals in chemistry.