Which of the following is the best example of sympatric speciation?
An extremely recent example of sympatric speciation may be occurring in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella. Apple maggot flies used to lay their eggs only on the fruit of hawthorn trees, but less than 200 years ago, some apple maggot flies began to lay their eggs on apples instead.
What are the two main steps of speciation?
In eukaryotic species—that is, those whose cells possess a clearly defined nucleus—two important processes occur during speciation: the splitting up of one gene pool into two or more separated gene pools (genetic separation) and the diversification of an array of observable physical characteristics (phenotypic …
What are the factors affecting speciation?
Mate choice, competition, and the variety of resources available are the key factors influencing how a species evolves into separate species, according to a new mathematical model that integrates all three factors to reveal the dynamics at play in a process called sympatric speciation.
What are the three ways speciation can occur?
The natural ways speciation can occur are allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric speciation.
What happens if gene flow is prevented?
When gene flow is blocked by physical barriers, this results in Allopatric speciation or a geographical isolation that does not allow populations of the same species to exchange genetic material.
Why is gene flow bad?
On the one hand, gene flow between selective environments can increase the frequency of locally maladapted genotypes, which might decrease fitness and thereby have negative consequences for population growth and persistence, i.e. migrational meltdown (Kirkpatrick & Barton 1997; Boulding & Hay 2001; Ronce & Kirkpatrick …
How can gene flow be prevented?
Because gene flow can be facilitated by physical proximity of the populations, gene flow can be restricted by physical barriers separating the populations. Incompatible reproductive behaviors between the individuals of the populations also prevent gene flow.
What factors affect gene flow?
One of the significant factors is the mobility. Higher the mobility of an individual, greater is its migrating potential. The animals tend to be more mobile than plants, although seeds and pollen can be carried to longer distances by wind and animals.
How does gene flow happen?
Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another. Gene flow can take place between two populations of the same species through migration, and is mediated by reproduction and vertical gene transfer from parent to offspring.
What are the 2 causes of genetic drift?
Genetic drift can be caused by a number of chance phenomena, such as differential number of offspring left by different members of a population so that certain genes increase or decrease in number over generations independent of selection, sudden immigration or emigration of individuals in a population changing gene …