At what point is the voltage on a sine wave maximum positive?
Lesson 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| At what degrees on the sine wave is the voltage equal to zero? | 0°, 180°, 360° |
| When is the voltage on a sine wave maximum positive? Maximum negative? | 90° 270° |
| When a conductor cuts magnetic flux lines at ____ degrees, the maximum voltage will be induced into the conductor. | 90° |
What is the average value of a sine wave?
The average value of a whole sinusoidal waveform over one complete cycle is zero as the two halves cancel each other out, so the average value is taken over half a cycle. The average value of a sine wave of voltage or current is 0.637 times the peak value, (Vp or Ip.
What is average value of DC?
Definition: The average of all the instantaneous values of an alternating voltage and currents over one complete cycle is called Average Value. If we consider symmetrical waves like sinusoidal current or voltage waveform, the positive half cycle will be exactly equal to the negative half cycle.
How do you calculate the DC value of a signal?
In a sense, the DC component is like the “zero frequency component”, since cos(2π·0·t) = 1. We often think of offset in this way, and plot the DC offset at f = 0 in the frequency-domain representation. The DC component is often easy to eyeball—it’s equal to the average value of the signal over a period.
What is effective value of current?
: the value of an alternating current or voltage equal to the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the instantaneous values taken throughout one complete cycle.
Is ripple current good or bad?
The higher the ripple current, the more the heat. If you exceed the ripple current rating, the cap will overheat, unless the ripple current is so high that hydrogen gas is being generated.
Can a bad battery cause excessive ripple?
A dead or weak battery can throw off a ripple test, however, so you must make sure the battery is fully charged. Voltage regulators are often responsible for low frequency, visible and rhythmic voltage ripple due to things like worn brushes.
What is called ripple voltage?
Ripple (specifically ripple voltage) in electronics is the residual periodic variation of the DC voltage within a power supply which has been derived from an alternating current (AC) source. Ripple may be reduced by an electronic filter, and eliminated by a voltage regulator.
What is acceptable ripple voltage?
Acceptable ripple voltage is about 100mV peak to peak. Majority of good power supplies have ripple and noise figures of better than 10mV rms, while SMPS figures of 50mV or less are possible, however, higher current supplies are likely to have slightly higher values.
How do you smooth ripple voltage?
A smoothing capacitor, also called a filter capacitor or charging capacitor, is used to “smooth” these voltages. It weakens the ripple. Although the capacitor does not produce perfect DC voltage, it reduces the fluctuations to a level that most devices can easily handle.
How do you reduce ripple voltage in a buck converter?
Figure 1 shows that the LF ripple in buck converters is an ac component of the output voltage….Three methods can be used to shrink down HF noise:
- Reduce the switching-node voltage spike.
- Reduce the inductor impedance in high-frequency operation.
- Reduce the output-capacitor impedance in high-frequency operation.
How can inductor ripple current be reduced?
At the expense of higher output-voltage ripple, small-value inductors result in a higher output- current slew rate, improving the load transient response of the converter. Large-value inductors lower the ripple current and reduce the core magnetic hysteresis losses.
How does frequency affect ripple voltage?
In general, the ripple current / voltage will decrease as switching frequency goes up as their is less time for the inductor/capacitor to charge/discharge between cycles, creating ripple. You can see this from the inductor current ripple equation in a buck converter.