What is the principle of ion exchange?
Ion exchange is the process through which ions in a solution are transformed into a solid which release ions of a different type but of the same polarity. This means that the ions in solutions are replaced by different ions originally present in the solid.
What is ion analysis?
Many times in analysis, determination of specific ionic forms of elements are desired, particularly anions. In water samples, measurements of nitrate, ammonium or sulfate may be of interest. Several instruments based on different technologies can be used to measure ions in aqueous samples. …
How do you measure anions?
Ion chromatography is used for water chemistry analysis. Ion chromatographs are able to measure concentrations of major anions, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and sulfate, as well as major cations such as lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range.
How do you test for water anions?
We can test for common anions (negative ions) as shown in the table below. Dissolve in dilute nitric acid, then a white precipitate forms with silver nitrate solution. (The precipitate dissolves in dilute ammonia solution.) Dissolve in dilute nitric acid, then a white precipitate forms with barium chloride solution.
What is the most abundant cation in urine?
Potassium is the most abundant exchangeable cation in the body. It exists predominantly in the intracellular fluid at concentrations of 140 to 150 meq/liter and in the extracellular fluid at concentrations of 3.5 to 5 meq/liter.
What are the most common ions in water?
The most abundant cations present in water are calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K); the most abundant anions are bicarbonate (HCO3), chloride (Cl), and sulfate (SO4).
What is Ion Meter?
The ion meters are devices used for measurements of specific ions in the water with use of an ion selective electrode. The ion selective electrodes most often are offered as a set of 2 separate electrodes: measuring and reference which are connected to separate connectors in the meters.
Which ions are detected by pH meter?
A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH.
What is power monitoring system?
A Power Monitoring System is a network of meters connected to the Internet to provide real time data on the power system in your facility. The meters feed an on line software system that allows the owners and service providers to identify potential problems with the electrical systems.
How does an ion selective electrode work?
Principle of ion-selective electrode (I.S.E.) An ideal I.S.E. consists of a thin membrane across which only the intended ion can be transported. The transport of ions from a high conc. to a low one through a selective binding with some sites within the membrane creates a potential difference.
What is the most common type of ion selective electrode?
Ion-exchange resin membranes
How does a electrode work?
An electrode by definition is a point where current enters and leaves the electrolyte. Electrodes are vital components of electrochemical cells. They transport produced electrons from one half-cell to another, which produce an electrical charge.
What is meant by potentiometry?
In chemical analysis: Potentiometry. This is the method in which the potential between two electrodes is measured while the electric current (usually nearly zero) between the electrodes is controlled. In the most common forms of potentiometry, two different types of electrodes are used.