What is the principle of serial dilution?
Serial dilution is a common technique used in many immunologic procedures. A small amount of serum or solute can be serially diluted by transferring aliquots to diluent. One of the most common series doubles the dilution factor with each transfer (1:2, 1:4, 1:8 …).
What is the advantage of serial dilution?
Serial dilution has many advantages: the materials necessary are typically already present in the lab and require no special engineering. Conditions can be adjusted as the experiment progresses (e.g., drug concentrations increased as drug resistance improves).
What is the advantage of preparing a serial dilution instead of diluting in a single step?
Easier and Faster Preparation of Calibration Standards The errors introduced with each successive dilution drops proportionately with the solution concentration. Preparing a series of calibration standards by this method reduces the amount of required time.
Why is serial dilution not used?
Many laboratory protocols require the serial dilution of reagents or compounds. With each sequential serial dilution step, transfer inaccuracies lead to less accurate and less precise dispensing. The result is that the highest dilutions will have the most inaccurate results.
What is the dilution rate formula?
The dilution rate is calculated by dividing the flow rate (how much media flows into the vessel per hour) by the culture volume. For example, using a volume of 300 ml a dilution rate of 0.1 means that 30 ml of media is added to the culture every hour.
What is a 1 in 50 dilution?
Explanation: If you want to make a 1/50 dilution you add 1 volume part of the one to 49 parts of the other, to make up 50 parts in all.
How do you solve serial dilution problems?
In serial dilutions, you multiply the dilution factors for each step. The dilution factor or the dilution is the initial volume divided by the final volume. For example, if you add a 1 mL sample to 9 mL of diluent to get 10 mL of solution, DF=ViVf = 1mL10mL=110 .
How is bacterial dilution calculated?
Dilution = amount of specimen transferred divided by the [amount of specimen transferred + amount already in tube]. But after the first tube, each tube is a dilution of the previous dilution tube.
Why does distilled water not affect titration?
Any distilled water you add to this erlenmeyer will change its volume, but won’t change the amount of substance of acid inside it, neither the initial volume you added of the acid solution. The erlenmeyer can be rinsed only with distilled water, since the volume of acid solution used for the calculation is constant.
How do you tell if you exceeded the equivalence point in your titration?
How do you tell if you have exceeded the equivalence point in your titration? – We have to find an indicator which will be able to tell us whether the solution is neutralized into pH 7. The indicator might have different color for each pH. So, it will be able to tell us the pH of that particular solution.
How do you know you’ve reached the equivalence point?
An acid-base indicator (e.g., phenolphthalein) changes color depending on the pH. Redox indicators are also frequently used. A drop of indicator solution is added to the titration at the start; when the color changes the endpoint has been reached, this is an approximation of the equivalence point.
How do you determine the equivalence point?
Equivalence point: point in titration at which the amount of titrant added is just enough to completely neutralize the analyte solution. At the equivalence point in an acid-base titration, moles of base = moles of acid and the solution only contains salt and water.
How do you find the Squiichiometric equivalence point?
The molarity of the acid is given, so the number of moles titrated can be calculated: 0.050 L × 6 mol/L = 0.3 moles of strong acid added thus far. If 0.3 < initial moles of base, the equivalence point has not yet been reached. If 0.3 = initial moles of base, the titration is at the equivalence point.