How do you calculate chip thickness ratio?

How do you calculate chip thickness ratio?

Chip Thickness ratio is defined as the thickness of metal before cutting to the thickness of metal after cutting. Then, r= t1 / t2. Whenever there is high cutting ratio , it means the cutting action is good.

Which of the following is correct equation for shear force fs =? Φ is the shear angle?

Explanation: FS=FC cosφ-FT sinφ is the correct relation of shear force in terms of horizontal cutting force, Tangential cutting force and shear angle.

What is uncut chip thickness?

Uncut chip thickness is comparable to cutting edge radius in micromachining. If the uncut chip thickness is less than a critical value, there will be no chip formation. This critical value is termed as minimum uncut chip thickness (MUCT).

What is chip breaker?

: a shoulder in a machine tool made by grinding a groove parallel to the cutting edge or by attaching a plate to the top to form a wall against which the chip produced in turning or other machining will be broken up.

How do you calculate chip velocity?

This problem can be solved with the help of velocity triangle in machining; however, there exists a simple way to solve this, as discussed below….Calculate chip velocity from cutting speed, depth of cut and chip thickness

1. Cutting speed = 2 m/s.
2. Depth of cut = 0.5 mm.
3. Chip thickness = 0.6 mm.

What is back rake angle?

5: Back Rake Angle: The angle between the face of the tool and line perpendicular to the base of the tool measures on perpendicular plane through the side cutting edge. It is the angle which measures the slope of the face of the tool from the nose, towards the rack.

What is positive and negative rake angle?

If the angle formed by the leading edge and the surface to be cut (its tangent) is obtuse, the rake angle is said to be positive or cutting. If the angle formed by the leading edge and the surface to be cut is acute, the rake angle is said to be negative or scraping.

What is the range of rake angle possible in grinding?

Value of rake angle usually varies in between –15º and +15º; however, it may reach up to ±30º in some cases. In abrasive cutting, rake angle of abrasives (such as abrasives of grinding wheel) can even go beyond ±60º. Presence of nose radius can also change rake angle and in such scenario effective rake is considered.

Can clearance angle negative?

Clearance angle cannot be zero or negative However, it reduces strength of the tool and thereby tool life degrades.

What is the function of clearance angle?

By definition, clearance angle is the angle of orientation of tool’s principal flank surface from the cutting velocity vector (Vc) and measured on some other plane. Sometime, instead of using cutting velocity vector (Vc), cutting plane (πC) is used in definition as cutting plane itself contains cutting velocity vector.

What is effective rake angle?

The normal rake angle (angle COG) is the angle measured from normal to the finished surface in a plane perpendicular to the cutting edge (plane OABC), while the effective rake angle (angle COH) is the angle measured in the cutting velocity vector and chip-flow direction [12].

Why negative rake angle is used?

Negative rake angle provides greater the strength to cutting edge. It can be used in the high-speed cutting operation. Higher cutting force during machining, this also increases the power consumption. Increase vibration, friction and temperature at cutting edge.

What does the rake angle measure?

Rake angle is a parameter used in various cutting and machining processes, describing the angle of the cutting face relative to the work. Negative rake: A tool has a negative rake angle when the face of the cutting tool slopes away from the cutting edge at outer side.

What is lip angle?

Lip angle is the angle between the rake surface and flank surface when viewed on orthogonal plane. Point angle is the angle between the principal cutting edge and auxiliary cutting edge when viewed on reference plane. Lip angle and point angle are independent.

What is clearance angle in cutting tool?

[′klir·əns ‚aŋ·gəl] (mechanical engineering) The angle between a plane containing the end surface of a cutting tool and a plane passing through the cutting edge in the direction of cutting motion.

What is rake angle and wedge angle in cutting tool?

A positive rake occurs when sum of the clearance angle and wedge angle of cutting tool is less than 90º (angles measured on orthogonal plane). As schematically shown here, a positive rake makes the tool tip comparatively sharper by reducing wedge angle, and thus shearing action occurs smoothly during machining.

What is front clearance angle?

It is the angle between the front surface of the tool and a line normal to the base of the tool. It is also known as front clearance angle. (iv) Side Clearance (Relief) Angle: It is the angle between the side surface of the tool and a line normal to the base of the tool.

What is the typical value of front clearance angle?

Typically its value ranges from -15° to +15°. Clearance angle is always positive (it cannot be zero or negative). Typically its value ranges from +3° to +15°. Rake angle influences the extent of shear deformation of chip and also determines chip flow direction.

What is the lip clearance angle of a twist drill?

12°

What are types of cutting tools?

• Cutting tools. A cutting tools is a type of cutting tool with a blade at the end of the shank.
• Reamer. A reamer is a tool to finish the hole opened by a drill according to the required accuracy.
• Drill.
• Milling tools.
• Endmill.
• Broach.
• Tap/thread cutting die.

What are the 5 cutting tools?

• Fabric Shears. These will be one of your most used and important cutting tools for sewing.
• All-Purpose (Cheap) Scissors.
• Thread Snippers.
• Embroidery Scissors.
• Rotary cutters.
• Pinking Shears.
• Left-Handed Scissors.
• Seam Rippers.

What are the five cutting tools?

• 1 Angled Fabric scissors. There are many types of fabric scissors ideal for fabric cutting.
• 2 Paper cutting scissors.
• Small sharp fabric scissors.
• 4 Duckbill scissors.
• 5 Pinking shears.
• 6 Thread snips.
• 7 Rotary cutters.
• 8 Buttonhole cutters.

What are examples of driving tools?

Tools defined as drivers include hammers, screwdrivers, mauls and sledges, according to Reference.com. Driving tools are typically available as both manual and power tools. For example, an electric drill and a hand drill are both considered driving tools.