What safety factors must be considered?
General recommendations
| Applications | Factor of Safety – FOS – |
|---|---|
| For use with highly reliable materials where loading and environmental conditions are not severe and where weight is an important consideration | 1.3 – 1.5 |
| For use with reliable materials where loading and environmental conditions are not severe | 1.5 – 2 |
What does factor of safety mean?
: the ratio of the ultimate strength of a member or piece of material (as in an airplane) to the actual working stress or the maximum permissible stress when in use.
What is safety factor in Ansys?
The definition of the safety factor is simple. It is defined as the ratio between the strength of the material and the maximum stress in the part. When the stress in the model remains much inferior to the strength of the material, the safety factor stays superior to 1 and the model is « safe ».
What is working stress and factor of safety?
When designing machine parts, it is desirable to keep the stress lower than the maximum or ultimate stress at which failure of the material takes place. This stress is known as the working stress or design stress. It is also known as safe or allowable stress.
What is meant by permissible stress?
Permissible stress design is a design philosophy used by civil engineers. The designer ensures that the stresses developed in a structure due to service loads do not exceed the elastic limit. This limit is usually determined by ensuring that stresses remain within the limits through the use of factors of safety.
What does permissible mean?
that may be permitted
What is permissible load?
Permissible loading capacity of container floor. If the container is loaded to its maximum capacity, the weight of the cargo must be distributed as evenly as possible over the floor area.
What is load density?
Load Density is the amount of weight that can be safely loaded per unit volume of the hold. Whereas stack weight is the maximum amount of weight of the containers that can be loaded on top of the containers. Load Density is often associated with bulk carriers and stack weight with containers.
How much weight can you put on top of a shipping container?
The maximum gross weight of a container cannot exceed 67,200 lbs. This means that the amount that the container weighs, plus the load cannot exceed 67,200 lbs. Again, this can vary based on the container. A 20′ container is typically loaded with heavier items to maximize space vs cost.
What will be used in spreading the load of a concentrated cargo?
Good dunnage must be used to spread the load, and it is always good practice to add 5% to the weight to be loaded before working out the dunnage area.
Which means of transport carry heavy cargo?
Explanation: The means of transport that carries heavy cargo or heavy or bulky goods is waterways. HOPE IT HELPS.
What is cargo lashing?
Lashing is the securing of cargo for transportation with the goal of minimizing shifting. Items used for lashing include ropes, cables, wires, chains, strapping, and nets. These items are anchored to the Cargo Transport Unit (CTU) and tensioned against the cargo.
What is the importance of cargo securing manual?
Cargo Securing Manual specifies arrangements and cargo securing devices provided on board the ship for the correct application to and the securing of cargo units, containers, vehicles and other entities, based on transverse, longitudinal and vertical forces which may arise during adverse weather and sea conditions.
What are the most common reasons for cargo damage?
Common causes of cargo damage :
- Inadequate stowage.
- uneven distribution.
- incorrect slinging.
- careless movement of mechanical handling equipment.
- improper attention to labels & markings.
- careless packing.
- inattention to weight loads & lifting gear.
- insufficient/incorrect dunnaging.
What is non standardized cargo?
“Non- standardized Cargo” means cargo which requires individual stowage and securing arrangements.
What is a cargo plan?
a method of distributing freight being transported in the cargo compartments and on the upper decks of a vessel. A cargo plan lists the types of freight and, for each type, the space allocated to it, its volume, the location of its center of gravity, and its destination. …
What are types of cargo?
Five types of cargo can be distinguished: container cargo, liquid bulk, dry bulk, breakbulk and ro-ro.
- Container cargo.
- Liquid bulk.
- Ro-ro.
How do you read a stowage plan?
It consists of 6 digits. The first two digits indicate the bay, the middle two indicates the row and the last two represents the tier. The bay plan will help to determine the correct stowage position of containers as per the prepared cargo plan.
What are the safety measures to be done when personnel are walking or climbing across built up cargo?
Suitable safety nets or temporary fencing should be rigged where personnel have to walk or climb across built-up cargo, and are therefore at risk of falling .