What is the torsion test?
Torsion testing is a type of mechanical testing that evaluates the properties of materials or devices while under stress from angular displacement.
What is difference between tension test and torsion test?
The Difference Between Tension and Torsion Springs. Lasting longer due to their sturdiness, torsion springs are typically able to last from between 15,000 to 20,000 cycles but tension springs only around 10,000 cycles. Unlike torsion springs, tension springs need more parts to fully function.
What are the different failure modes of the specimens in torsion test?
Generally, three different types of failures were observed (i.e., shear, mixed, and split). Finally, Griffith’s theory was utilized to analyze the maximum tensile stress around the crack.
What is torsion in strength of materials?
In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque. Torsion is expressed in either the Pascal (Pa), an SI unit for newtons per square metre, or in pounds per square inch (psi) while torque is expressed in newton metres (N·m) or foot-pound force (ft·lbf).
What is J in torsion formula?
General torsion equation J = polar moment of inertia or polar second moment of area about shaft axis, [m4, in4] τ = shear stress at outer fibre, [Pa, psi] r = radius of the shaft, [m, in]
What is the purpose of torsion test?
The purpose of a torsion test is to determine sample behaviour when twisted, or under torsional forces, as a result of applied moments that cause shear stress about the axis.
What is torsional effect?
Torsional effects may significantly modify the seismic response of buildings, and they have caused severe damage or collapse of structures in several past earthquakes. In ductile structures, the main consequence of floor twist is an unequal demand of lateral displacements in the elements of the structure.
What is meant by pure torsion?
When the circular shaft is subjected to torque only without being acted upon by any bending moment or axial force, the circular shaft is said to be in the state of pure torsion.
What does torsion mean?
1 : the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of forces tending to turn one end or part about a longitudinal axis while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction also : the state of being twisted. 2 : the twisting of a bodily organ or part on its own axis.
How does testicular torsion occur?
Testicular torsion occurs when a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord that brings blood to the scrotum. The reduced blood flow causes sudden and often severe pain and swelling. Testicular torsion is most common between ages 12 and 18, but it can occur at any age, even before birth.
How do I check myself for testicular torsion?
With your free hand, glide your thumb and fingers along both sides of the testicle, from top to bottom. Feel for any lumps or bumps. Then, glide your fingers over the front and back of the testicle. On the back at the top, you should feel the epididymis, a tube that carries sperm.
What is the recovery time for testicular torsion?
The swelling usually goes down within 2 to 4 weeks. You should be able to do most of your normal activities after 1 to 2 weeks, except for those that require a lot of effort. It’s important to avoid straining with bowel movements and doing heavy lifting while you recover.
Does testicular torsion affect fertility?
Unfortunately, testicular torsion, most often than not, can lead to reduced fertility or infertility too. In close to 1/3 of cases, there is a reduction in sperm count below normal after suffering torsion, disabling a man to father a child.
What is intermittent testicular torsion?
Intermittent testicular torsion is defined by a history of more than one attack of unilateral scrotal pain of sudden onset and of short duration (typically <2 h) that resolves spontaneously [1]. The pain may also be relieved by manual detorsion.
What causes intermittent testicular torsion?
The condition is mainly related to a congenital condition due to a bell clapper deformity that causes the testicle to twist suddenly around its cord leading to testicular ischemia and possibly infarction [1]. The annual incidence of testicular torsion is 4.5 in 100,000 males 1-25 years of age [2].
How do you prevent testicular torsion?
The only way to prevent testicular torsion for a man with this trait is through surgery to attach both testicles to the inside of the scrotum so that they cannot rotate freely. The majority of cases, if treated within 6 hours, do not require the removal of the testicle (orchiectomy).
Why does one side of my balls hurt?
The pain can reside in either the right or left testicle and be associated with testicular swelling, lower abdomen pain, and burning when urinating. Sharp pain in one testicle can be caused by testicular torsion, an injury to the groin, a bacterial infection, or prostatitis.
Is testicle pain a sign of STD?
Testicle pain can often be a sign of a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but not always. The causes of testicle pain can be either infectious and non-infectious. If you have testicle pain, or any other common symptoms of STIs, you should get tested for STIs.
Why do my balls and back hurt?
When testicle pain occurs along with lower back pain, it can indicate an underlying condition. Possible causes include kidney stones, infections, and spinal problems. People should see a doctor if the pain is severe, does not go away, or occurs along with other concerning symptoms.
Can sitting for long periods cause testicular pain?
CTP may also worsen when sitting for long periods of time, such as at a desk job or driving a truck. Doing heavy lifting, manual work, or even swinging a golf club may trigger CTP in a person who is prone to it. The pain and discomfort may be accompanied by: Swelling and redness of the testicles and scrotum.
Can anxiety make your balls hurt?
Sometimes the nervous system gets a bit overactive and can tell the smooth muscles around the testicles and scrotum to pull up, and up, and up. So much so that the testicle can even retract into the lower abdomen. Although it’s not always the case, for some men this can be very painful.
How do I know if I have bell clapper deformity?
Diagnosis: Torsion should be suspected in any boy with acute scrotal/testicular pain. The testis and scrotum are swollen, tender and erythematous. Normal landmarks (epididymis) may not be palpable because of the swelling.
What is bell clapper syndrome?
For a male who is born with bell clapper deformity, his testes are hanging in the scrotum and can swing freely, like a clapper in a bell. This can then lead to twisting. This deformity affects both testes, although it is very rare for twisting, or torsion, to occur in both sides of the scrotum at once.