Who studied the misinformation effect quizlet?
Terms in this set (8) Elizabeth Loftus did extensive research on memory, studied false memories as well as recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. She also developed the misinformation effect paradigm, which holds that after exposure to incorrect information, a person may misremember the original event.
What is repression quizlet?
Repression. Involuntary pushing of unpleasant feelings out of conscious thought. Suppression. Conscious, intentional pushing of unpleasantness from one’s mind. You just studied 8 terms!
Which is the easiest basic memory task?
Recognition
What are three methods for improving memory quizlet?
Terms in this set (9)
- 1) Increase attention, reduce interferance.
- 2) Use rehearsal techniques.
- 3) Improve your organization.
- 4) Counteract the serial position effect.
- 5) Manage your time.
- 6) Use the encoding specificity principle.
- 7) Use self-monitoring and overlearning.
- 8) Use mnemonic devices.
Can memory be improved quizlet?
Memory can be improved through simple strategies. Drill and practice, or repetition, transfers information from sensory memory to short-term memory, and then to long-term memory.
Why is eyewitness testimony prone to distortion?
With information being retrieved in much the same form as it was encoded. Schemas are therefore capable of distorting unfamiliar or unconsciously ‘unacceptable’ information in order to ‘fit in’ with our existing knowledge or schemas. This can, therefore, result in unreliable eyewitness testimony.
Why is eyewitness testimony so unreliable?
Research has found that eyewitness-identification testimony can be very unreliable. Although witnesses can often be very confident that their memory is accurate when identifying a suspect, the malleable nature of human memory and visual perception makes eyewitness testimony one of the most unreliable forms of evidence.
What are the three errors of distortion?
If so, you’ve committed the error known as blocking: you can’t access stored information (Figure 2). Now let’s take a look at the three errors of distortion: misattribution, suggestibility, and bias. Misattribution happens when you confuse the source of your information.
Why is eyewitness testimony still used?
While its role is complex, eyewitness testimony is a crucial part of the criminal justice system. When a legal team presents an eyewitness who can confidently identify the suspect and confirm that they saw them commit a crime, jurors are compelled to believe them.
What percent of eyewitness testimony is accurate?
In fact research shows that 75% of false convictions are caused by a inaccurate eyewitness statement. This means up to 100 innocent people could be wrongfully convicted each year of a violent or sexual crime in the UK because of these false eyewitnesses.
Why do eyewitnesses make mistakes?
Eyewitnesses are more likely to make mistakes when they feel pressure to make an identification, even if they are told that they don’t have to make a choice. Influence after the fact. Eyewitnesses are more likely to make mistakes when they rehash events with other observers.
Is a victim statement enough to convict?
In the US, Yes, generally. In the US an accused can, in most cases, be convicted on the testimony of a single witness, who can be the victim. “The evidence of one witness is not sufficient to convict the defendant on an indictment for perjury, as in such case there would be only one oath against another.”
Can you be found guilty on hearsay?
If all the evidence against you is hearsay, it is all inadmissible. Therefore, no evidence would be admitted. You can’t be convicted if the prosecution submits no evidence of your guilt. Circumstantial evidence is admissible.
How can I prove my innocence?
To start this process, you should either obtain or write a petition to the court asking for a certificate of innocence. When you fill out a petition, you will need to tell the court: (1) you were convicted of a crime; (2) your conviction was reversed; and (3) you did not bring about the conviction on your own.
What could cause evidence to be inadmissible in court?
Evidence that can not be presented to the jury or decision maker for any of a variety of reasons: it was improperly obtained, it is prejudicial (the prejudicial value outweighs the probative value), it is hearsay, it is not relevant to the case, etc.
What evidence can be suppressed?
Some examples of evidence commonly suppressed include: Evidence obtained by an unreasonable search in violation of your Fourth Amendment rights. Evidence obtained due to an unlawful traffic stop or arrest, which constitutes an unreasonable seizure in violation of your Fourth Amendment rights.