What are logical principles?
Logical principles are conceptual principles; they are principles about how logical concepts are related. But there are principles pertaining to all of the concepts that we use, not just logical concepts. For example, the following are conceptual truths: If x is an even number that x can be divided by two.
What is logic according to Aristotle?
Aristotle does not believe that the purpose of logic is to prove that human beings can have knowledge. (He dismisses excessive scepticism.) The aim of logic is the elaboration of a coherent system that allows us to investigate, classify, and evaluate good and bad forms of reasoning.
What is the most famous syllogism as developed by Aristotle?
Socrates
What is mood and figure in logic?
Mood depends upon the type of propositions ( A, E, I or O) It is a list of the types beginning with the major premise and ending with the conclusion. · Figure depends on the arrangement of the middle terms in the proposition. You must memorize the four figures on p. 255.
What are the four parts of a categorical syllogism?
In order to make obvious the similarities of structure shared by different syllogisms, we will always present each of them in the same fashion. A categorical syllogism in standard form always begins with the premises, major first and then minor, and then finishes with the conclusion.
How do you determine the mood and figure of a categorical syllogism?
All categorical syllogisms have what is called a “mood” and a “figure.” Mood: The mood of a categorical syllogism is a series of three letters corresponding to the type of proposition the major premise, the minor premise, and the conclusion are (A, E, I, or O).
What are the rules of validity?
Four rules apply to all valid categorical syllogisms: Rule 1: In a valid categorical syllogism, the middle term must be distributed in at least one premise. Rule 2: In a valid categorical syllogism, any term that is distributed in the conclusion must be distributed in the premises.