Which protocol uses sliding window flow control protocol?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses a sliding window for flow control. Before you tune any TCP/IP settings, first understand how the TCP sliding window works. The TCP sliding window determines the number of unacknowledged bytes, x , that one system can send to another.
How do we determine the sender window size in the sliding window protocol on what factors it depends give an appropriate example to justify your answer?
It is a data link layer protocol that uses a sliding window method. In this, if any frame is corrupted or lost, all subsequent frames have to be sent again. The size of the sender window is N in this protocol. For example, Go-Back-8, the size of the sender window, will be 8.
Does UDP protocol uses sliding window flow control protocol?
OSI model and sliding window : The answer is simple, layers/protocols that are responsible for reliable communication. The transport layer depends if an implementation is using a reliable transport layer protocol such as TCP or if using UDP (unreliable).
How do we determine the sender window size in the sliding window protocol?
The size of the sending window determines the sequence number of the outbound frames. If the sequence number of the frames is an n-bit field, then the range of sequence numbers that can be assigned is 0 to 2?−1. Consequently, the size of the sending window is 2?−1.
What are the benefits of using the sliding window protocol?
The sliding window provides several benefits:
- It controls the speed of transmission so that no fast sender can overwhelm the slower receiver;
- It allows for orderly delivery, as we will show;
- It allows for retransmission of lost frames, specific retransmission policy depends on the specific implementations.
What is the size of the sender window in the Go Back N ARQ protocol?
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What is maximum window size allowed in Go Back N ARQ protocol?
We choose m = 2, which means the size of the window can be 2m – 1, or 3. We can now show why the size of the send window must be less than 2m.
What is the problem in go back n protocol?
In Go back N protocol, the receiver window size is 1. It is given that receiver expects the packet having sequence number ‘K’. It means it has processed all the packets ranging from 0 to K-1. It is given that sender has received the acknowledgement for all these packets.
In what way selective repeat is better than go back N ARQ technique?
In Go-Back-N if a sent frame is found suspected or damaged then all the frames are retransmitted till the last packet. In Selective Repeat, only the suspected or damaged frames are retransmitted. Go-Back-N is easier to implement. In Selective Repeat, receiver window needs to sort the frames.
Why is selective repeat better than go back n?
Selective Repeat requires large number of bits in sequence number field. Selective Repeat is far better than Go back N in terms of retransmissions required. Bandwidth requirement is high because even if a single packet is lost, entire window has to be retransmitted.
What is the use of selective repeat protocol?
An alternative strategy, the selective repeat protocol, is to allow the receiver to accept and buffer the frames following a damaged or lost one. Selective Repeat attempts to retransmit only those packets that are actually lost (due to errors) : Receiver must be able to accept packets out of order.
What is the fundamental difference between go back to N and selective repeat algorithm?
The basic difference between go-back-n protocol and selective repeat protocol is that the “go-back-n protocol” retransmits all the frames that lie after the frame which is damaged or lost. The “selective repeat protocol” retransmits only that frame which is damaged or lost.
Does TCP use go-back-N or selective repeat?
TCP is similar to selective repeat because, when packets are lost due to congestion, the protocols do not require the sender to retransmit EVERY unACK’d packet sent by the sender.
Which protocol go-back-N or selective repeat makes more efficient use of network bandwidth Why?
Which protocol – Go-Back-N or Selective-Repeat – makes more efficient use of network bandwidth? Why? Answer: Selective repeat makes more efficient use of network bandwidth since it only retransmits those messages lost at the receiver (or prematurely timed out).
What is the difference between TCP and UDP why would you use one over the other?
TCP is a connection oriented protocol. UDP is a connection less protocol. As TCP provides error checking support and also guarantees delivery of data to the destination router this make it more reliable as compared to UDP. On other hand UDP is faster and more efficient than TCP.
Where is UDP used?
UDP is commonly used for applications that are “lossy” (can handle some packet loss), such as streaming audio and video. It is also used for query-response applications, such as DNS queries.
Is UDP more secure than TCP?
TCP is more reliable because it ensures that all segments are received in order and any lost segments are retransmitted. UDP does not guarantee this. When the connection is bad, UDP segments can get lost without a trace or arrive in the wrong order.
What is TCP vs UDP?
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, whereas UDP is a connectionless protocol. TCP uses handshake protocol like SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK while UDP uses no handshake protocols. TCP does error checking and also makes error recovery, on the other hand, UDP performs error checking, but it discards erroneous packets.
Does Netflix use UDP?
Netflix, Hulu, Youtube, etc. video streaming all use TCP and simply buffer a few seconds of content, instead of using UDP since the delay is not crucial and TCP transfers can be easily accomplished over HTTP and web browsers without the need for additional plugins and software.
Should I use TCP or UDP for VPN?
Which one to choose depends on what you’re using your VPN for. TCP is more reliable, so you may think that TCP is the best option, but there are times when UDP might be preferred. UDP is a great option if you are gaming, streaming or using VoIP services.
Where is TCP and UDP used?
TCP – used for traffic that you need all the data for. i.e HTML, pictures, etc. UDP – used for traffic that doesn’t suffer much if a packet is dropped, i.e. video & voice streaming, some data channels of online games, etc.
Is YouTube a TCP or UDP?
Nowadays, things have changed though: YouTube is using both TCP and UDP. Actually, a lot of Google’s content is transported over QUIC, a UDP-based transport protocol. By the way, QUIC stands for Quick UDP Internet Connection.
What is the main advantage of UDP?
What is the main advantage of UDP? Explanation: As UDP does not provide assurance of delivery of packet, reliability and other services, the overhead taken to provide these services is reduced in UDP’s operation. Thus, UDP provides low overhead, and higher speed.
What is a good example of UDP protocol usage?
Examples include Voice over IP (VoIP), online games, and media streaming. Speed – UDP’s speed makes it useful for query-response protocols such as DNS, in which data packets are small and transactional.
What is the characteristics of UDP?
For frame format of the UDP datagram
| Characteristics Description | UDP |
|---|---|
| Acronym for | User Datagram Protocol or Universal Datagram |
| General Description | Simple High speed low functionality “wrapper” that interface applications to the network layer and does little else |
What kind of applications are run over UDP?
As a lean and almost delay-free alternative to TCP, UDP is used for the fast transmission of data packets in IP networks. Typical fields of application for UDP are DNS queries, VPN connections, and audio/video streaming.
Why UDP is used in DNS?
DNS uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on port 53 to serve DNS queries. UDP is preferred because it is fast and has low overhead. A DNS query is a single UDP request from the DNS client followed by a single UDP reply from the server.
Does SNMP use UDP?
SNMP is a request/response protocol. UDP port 161 is its well-known port. SNMP uses UDP as its transport protocol because it has no need for the overhead of TCP. The request and response messages that SNMP sends in the datagrams are called Protocol Data Units (PDU).
What are the two main benefits of DNS?
DNS adds an extra layer of security. Fault tolerance and proper load distribution of web hosting services to multiple servers enable multiple hostnames corresponding to a single IP address. DNS enhances the security of DNS infrastructure, which is essential for dynamic, secure updates.
Is port 53 TCP or UDP?
The DNS uses TCP Port 53 for zone transfers, for maintaining coherence between the DNS database and the server. The UDP protocol is used when a client sends a query to the DNS server.