What occurs when a response is followed by experiencing something pleasurable?
Positive reinforcement strengthens a response by presenting something that is typically pleasant after the response, whereas negative reinforcement strengthens a response by reducing or removing something that is typically unpleasant.
What is the promise of pleasurable consequence?
Law of Effect: When a response is followed by pleasurable consequences, the frequency of occurrence of that behavior will increase. When a response is followed by punishment, the frequency of occurrence of that behavior will decrease. This has been referred to as the “pleasure-pain” dichotomy.
What strengthens a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence?
Skinner developed the concept of reinforcement, the process of strengthening a response by following it with a pleasurable, rewarding consequence. Shaping is the reinforcement of successive approximations to some final goal, allowing behavior to be molded from simple behavior already present in the organism.
When an action results in a pleasurable consequence the probability of repeating that action increases this best illustrates?
When an action results in a pleasurable consequence, the probability of repeating that action increases. This BEST illustrates: the Law of Effect. Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions based on his work giving sweetened liquid to rats and then inducing nausea in them?
Is the disappearance or weakening of a learned response?
the disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning) or the removal of a reinforcer (in operant conditioning). learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful.
What kind of behavior might people do that would be resistant to conditioning?
Instinctive behavior in animals is resistant to conditioning or modification. Although an animal may change its behavior at first through conditioning, the behavior will revert to the instinctual pattern in a process called instinctive drift.
What would Thorndike and Skinner argue over?
Skinner. Both psychologists developed their own theories on how to condition human behaviors; Thorndike’s theory is called the Law of Effect and Skinner’s theory is the Reinforcing Stimulus/Reinforcing Concepts. The greater the reinforcements or punishments, the greater the effects of the law.
How long it takes to respond to a stimulus is referred to as ___?
Reaction time is the amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus. An example of reaction time is when a bug stings within 1 second of being approached.
Is the sudden reappearance of an extinguished response?
Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus returns after a period of absence. Stimulus generalization is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it is the original conditioned stimulus.
What occurs when a conditioned response decreases and eventually disappears?
extinction: One of the basic phenomena of learning that occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.
What do we call a stimulus that naturally brings about a response?
Unconditioned Stimulus
What stimulus is a stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned?
chapter 5 psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neutral stimulus | stimulus that before conditioning does not naturally bring about the response of interest |
| unconditioned stimulus | stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned |
| unconditioned response | response that’s natural and needs no training |
What is the difference between unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response?
In classical conditioning, an unconditioned response is an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus. 1 For example, if the smell of food is the unconditioned stimulus, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response.
What are some examples of conditioned stimulus?
For example, the smell of food is an unconditioned stimulus, a feeling of hunger in response to the smell is an unconditioned response, and the sound of a whistle when you smell the food is the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned response would be feeling hungry when you heard the sound of the whistle.
Can the unconditioned and conditioned stimulus be the same?
A conditioned stimulus is a learned substitute stimulus that triggers the same response as an unconditioned stimulus. In other words, a conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that, over time and training, garners a response by repeatedly being linked with another naturally occurring stimulus.