What is the single most important factor leading to conformity?
Several factors are associated with increased conformity, including larger group size, unanimity, high group cohesion, and perceived higher status of the group. Other factors associated with conformity are culture, gender, age, and importance of stimuli.
What is the central defining characteristic of a psychopath?
Psychopathy describes a set of personality traits and behaviors frequently associated with lack of emotional sensitivity and empathy, impulsiveness, superficial charm and insensitivity to punishing consequences.
What examined social learning with an emphasis on conditioning?
Behaviorism/behavioral conditioning – examined social learning with an emphasis on behavioral conditioning.
Which of the following is not one of the definitional perspectives found in contemporary criminology?
Cards
| Term When defining crime, which of the following is not one of the definitional perspectives found in contemporary criminology? | Definition Environmental |
|---|---|
| Term The psychological perspective sees crime primarily as | Definition problem behavior |
What theories suggest that crime is the result of class struggle?
Social conflict theory views financial crime as a function of the conflict that exists in society (Siegel, 2011). The theory suggests that class conflict causes crime in any society, and that those in power create laws to protect their rights and interests.
Which field of study is concerned primarily with the causes and consequences of crime?
Criminology, scientific study of the nonlegal aspects of crime and delinquency, including its causes, correction, and prevention, from the viewpoints of such diverse disciplines as anthropology, biology, psychology and psychiatry, economics, sociology, and statistics.
Which theory believes all humans are motivated to commit crime?
Rational choice theory is based on the fundamental tenets of classical criminology, which hold that people freely choose their behaviour and are motivated by the avoidance of pain and the pursuit of pleasure.
Which of the following individuals is a criminalist?
Cards
| Term Delinquency refers to ________. | Definition violations of the criminal law and other misbehavior committed by young people |
|---|---|
| Term Which of the following individuals would NOT be considered a criminalist? | Definition correctional officer |
Which of the following is typical of a life course persistent offender?
Which of the following is typical of a life course persistent offender? Consistent involvement in antisocial behavior across a wide spectrum of social situations.
What is life course persistent antisocial behavior?
According to the theory of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior, children’s neuropsychological problems interact cumulatively with their criminogenic environments across development, culminating in a pathological personality.
What is the best predictor of adult antisocial behavior?
Also confirmed across studies are: (1) adult antisocial behaviour virtually requires childhood antisocial behaviour; (2) most antisocial children do not become antisocial adults; (3) the variety of antisocial behaviour in childhood is a better predictor of adult antisocial behaviour than is any particular behaviour; (4 …
What are the two types of offenders?
She proposed that there are two main types of antisocial offenders in society: The adolescence-limited offenders, who exhibit antisocial behavior only during adolescence, and the life-course-persistent offenders, who begin to behave antisocially early in childhood and continue this behavior into adulthood.
What are the three types of offenders?
Types of crimes and offenders
- Violent crimes and offenders. Crimes against a person.
- Sexual assault and sex trafficking. The men and women who prey on others are aggressively prosecuted.
- Domestic violence.
- Child abuse.
- Vulnerable adults.
- Gang offenders.
- Gun crimes.
- Burglaries, theft and property crimes.
Which taxonomy or group do most people fall into According to Moffitt?
Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy proposes that antisocial acts are committed by two very different ‘groups’ of people: A ‘life-course persistent’ group whose antisocial behavior onsets early in life and who become life-long offenders versus a larger ‘adolescence-limited’ group who offend during their teenage years.
What is the maturity gap criminology?
Key to Moffitt’s work is the idea of the maturity gap, defined as the delay between. biological and social maturation, during which adolescents engage in offending due to the frustration experienced by being biologically, but not socially mature, and thereby unable to fully participate in adult society.
Why do people commit crime in age-graded theory?
7.3 Social Bonding Over the Life Course Their age-graded theory is based on social control theory (e.g., Hirschi, 1969), which argues that crime and delinquency occur as a result of weakened bonds to society. Individuals are assumed to be deviant unless social bonds exist to restrain these impulses.
What is the age-graded theory?
This chapter turns to the age-graded theory of informal social control. This theory posits that crime is more likely to occur when an individual’s bond to conventional society is weakened.
What are some important elements of low self-control?
Gottfredson and Hirschi1 defined low self-control using six distinct characteristics: (1) the tendency to have a here-and-now orientation, preferring immediate reward with an inability to defer gratification, (2) a preference for physical rather than cognitive activities, (3) adventurousness and a preference for …
What does control balance theory argue?
Tittle’s control balance theory holds that the amount of control to which one is subject relative to the amount of control one can exercise (the control ratio) affects not only the probability that one will engage in a deviant act, but also the specific form or type of deviance.
What are the factors of crime development theory?
Biological theories about the causes of crime focus on the idea that the physical body, through inherited genes, evolutionary factors, brain structures, or the role of hormones, has an influence on an individual’s involvement in criminal behaviour.
What is a crime prevention strategy?
The Aim of Preventive Policing is: Fewer victims, fewer offences, and less demand on policing achieved by addressing the causes of crime, utilising sophisticated partnership oriented problem solving.
What are the five strategies of situational crime prevention efforts?
The five proposed strategies to prevent and/or reduce crime involve: increasing the effort to offend; increasing the risks of detection and apprehension; reducing the rewards for offending; reducing provocations that lead to offending; and removing excuses for offending.
What is the difference between crime prevention and crime control?
Both forms of crime prevention share a common goal of trying to prevent the occurrence of a future criminal act, but what further distinguishes crime prevention from crime control is that prevention takes place outside of the confines of the formal justice system.
Which is an example of a situational crime prevention strategy?
These measures involve environmental strategies to increase risk and reduce crime opportunities. Some examples of situational prevention in effect include installing surveillance equipment in areas that experience a lot of vandalism. Another example includes installing security screens in banks to prevent robberies.
What are the objectives of situational crime prevention?
Situational crime prevention (SCP) focuses on the more immediate opportunities for offending. Situational crime prevention seeks to reduce the harms caused by crime through altering immediate or situational factors in the environments where crime regularly occurs.
What is chronic offender?
The term “chronic offender” is generally used to refer to individuals who frequently or persistently violate criminal laws. Estimating the number of chronic offenders and the extent of their criminal behavior is difficult, however, for a variety of reasons.
What are the 25 techniques of situational crime prevention?
- Target Harden. • Steering column locks. • Anti-robbery screens.
- Extend guardianship. • Take routine. precautions.
- Conceal targets. • Off-street parking. • Gender-neutral phone.
- Reduced frustrations.
- Set rules. • Rental agreements. • Harassment codes.
- Control access to.
- Assist natural.
- Remove targets. • Removable car radio.