What does the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 say?
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) prohibits surface coal mining within the boundaries of any unit of the National Park System. SMCRA also provides the NPS with authority over permitting decisions regarding external surface coal mining.
Who administers Smcra?
OSMRE administers the AMLF and the SMCRA program. Now through 2022, funding for AML reclamation will be distributed to states and tribes as annual grants. The money comes from the reclamation fees in the AMLF having been collected during the prior year.
Who opposed the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act?
Citizens such as miners and employers at organizations might have opposed the act since they would become harmed. Environmentalist and citizens that care about the environment and agreed that it was being affected might be fore the act. 7.
Who created Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act?
SMCRA
Why was the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act passed?
Congress passed the SMCRA, which was signed by President Jimmy Carter, to “assure that the coal supply essential to the Nation’s energy requirements, and to its economic and social well-being, is provided and to strike a balance between protection of the environment and agricultural productivity and the Nation’s need …
What are the effects of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 quizlet?
1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act – Death Rate it establishes mandatory uniform standards for these activities on state and federal lands, creates an Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund for use in reclaiming and restoring land and water resources adversely affected by coal mining practices.
Why is it bad to mine coal?
Miners are also directly exposed to toxic fumes, coal dust and toxic metals, increasing their risk for fatal lung diseases such as pneumoconiosis and silicosis. The toll on the physical landscape is severe. One of the most serious impacts of coal mining is acid mine drainage.
Are coal-fired power stations bad?
Coal-fired power plants emit air pollution that includes mercury, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Living near coal-fired power plants is linked to higher rates of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and cancer, and premature death.
How does burning fossil fuels lead to global warming?
When fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the air. Greenhouse gases trap heat in our atmosphere, causing global warming.
Where does the US get fossil fuels?
The United States has abundant deposits of natural gas and imports less than 4% of the total amount consumed annually—chiefly from Canada . In 2015, 29% of the U.S. total energy supply came from natural gas. Learn why this resource is often described as “clean burning” and consider the costs and benefits of its use.
Which fossil fuel is the most abundant in the United States?
Coal
What are the most common fuels?
The world’s most used energy sources
- Oil – 39% Accounting for approximately 39% of the global energy consumption, oil has historically been the world’s most used energy source.
- Gas – 22% Gas consumption grew at an average rate of 2.4% in the last ten years.
- Nuclear energy – 4.4%
Which fossil fuel produces the least carbon dioxide?
Natural gas