What is the wedding cake model of criminal justice?
The wedding cake model of criminal justice is a model of the criminal justice process whereby a four-tiered hierarchy exists, with a few celebrated cases at the top, and lower tiers increasing in size as the severity of cases become less (serious felonies, felonies, and misdemeanors).
Which layer of the criminal justice wedding cake consists of serious felonies?
Layer 2
What are the four tiers of the wedding cake model of criminal justice and how is discretion by criminal justice officials used differently at each stage?
The theory divides the proceedings in the criminal justice system into four different categories: celebrated cases, serious felonies, lesser felonies and misdemeanors. Criminal justice officials handle individual cases differently, but there is a high level of consistency.
What type of case is at the top of the criminal justice Wedding Cake quizlet?
The first layer of the wedding cake model is celebrated cases. These type of cases gain mass media attention, like with the OJ Simpson or Michael Jackson trials.
Why is the criminal justice wedding cake a better depiction of reality than the 13 step model of the system?
Why is the criminal justice wedding cake a better depiction of reality than is a step-by-step model of the system? Crime can be prevented in various ways, perhaps the most important is the deterrent effect of the actions of police, courts, and corrections. Deterrence is the underlying philosophy of crime prevention.
Why is the criminal justice wedding cake a better depiction of reality that is a step by step model of the system?
Why is the criminal justice wedding cake model more realistic than a linear model depicting the criminal justice system? Because the wedding-cake model can show differences in treating various cases depending on specific factors of each situation, such a seriousness of the charge or a defendant’s resources.
What is the most serious felony?
Felonies are the most serious type of crime and are often classified by degrees, with a first degree felony being the most serious. They include terrorism, treason, arson, murder, rape, robbery, burglary, and kidnapping, among others.
Which of the following is true of establishing guilt in a criminal matter?
Which of the following is true of establishing guilt in a criminal matter? The prosecutor must prove the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
What are the 3 types of charging documents that prosecutors file?
There are three types of charging documents: an Indictment, a Complaint, and an Information.
What is the legal formal charging document filed by the prosecutor called?
Indictment
What is included in a charging document?
Charging document means a written accusation alleging that a defendant has committed an offense. It includes a citation, an indictment, an information, and a statement of charges.
What is the relationship between the judge Prosecutor defense and police?
By sending cases back for further investigation and refusing to approve arrest warrants, prosecutors influence the police. Police depend on prosecutors to advise them about legal issues in criminal cases and to train police officers in securing warrants, making legal arrests, and interrogating suspects.
What Does charging document pending mean?
A pending charge is when the prosecutor is deciding whether or not to charge the convicted as is, to add additional charges, to reduce the charges, or sometimes even to discard the charge altogether.
What is a charging authority?
charging authority means an authority which is the maker of a charging scheme; Sample 1. Sample 2.
Who is liable for CIL?
Landowners
Do self builders pay CIL?
Self-builders are now exempt from the CIL charge.
What triggers CIL payment?
CIL liability is not triggered by a material start: it is triggered by the date given in a commencement notice (unless the notice is withdrawn in advance) or, in the absence of advance notice, the deeming of a commencement date by the collecting authority.
How are CIL payments calculated?
How is the CIL calculated? The Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) is calculated per square metre. The calculation involves multiplying the CIL charging rate by the net chargeable floor area (based on Gross Internal Area), and factoring in an index figure to allow for changes in building costs over time.
How often is CIL paid?
60 days
How can I avoid paying CIL?
The most obvious way to avoid paying CIL is not to commence development or to delay commencement. However, you may need to commence development sooner than you might otherwise like to, for example to prevent a planning permission from expiring.
What happens if you dont pay CIL?
When you fail to pay CIL a collecting authority may seek a court’s consent to seize and sell your assets to recover the money due. These assets may include any land you hold. The collecting authority must send you notice of its intention to do so beforehand.
What is a CIL self build exemption?
‘Self Build’ for the purposes of CIL exemption is defined as all homes built or commissioned by individuals or groups of individuals for their own use, either by building the home on their own or working with builders.
Does CIL apply to extensions?
What development is and is not liable to pay CIL? All new build development over 100sqm (internal), including residential extensions and annexes, and all new dwellings regardless of size must pay CIL.
Do you pay CIL on garages?
Garages that are an integral part of planning applications for new houses count as “residential floorspace” and are liable for CIL whether integral to the new house design or detached. Application for a new garage for an existing house will not normally be liable for CIL as the floorspace will be less than 100 sq.
Does CIL apply to residential?
No, CIL is not chargeable on affordable homes or social housing developments where a claim for relief has been submitted.
Are outbuildings CIL liable?
The CIL is charged on outbuildings even if they are covered by Permitted Development. If you need to claim an exemption for the outbuilding then NO you must not start before all the paperwork is done.