What is the meaning of withdrawal syndrome?
Withdrawal syndrome, also known as discontinuation syndrome, occurs in individuals who have developed physiological dependence on drugs or alcohol and who discontinue or reduce their use of it.
What is withdrawal syndrome list any two symptoms it is characterized by?
Withdrawal symptoms from opiates include anxiety, sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms include irritability, fatigue, shaking, sweating, and nausea. Withdrawal from nicotine can cause irritability, fatigue, insomnia, headache, and difficulty concentrating.
What is the Ciwa protocol?
The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol–Revised (CIWA-Ar) protocol (Figure 1)1 is the most common method of treating alcohol withdrawal in our institution and it is frequently used by family physicians.
Why is Ciwa used?
The revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar) scale is a validated 10-item assessment tool that can be used to quantify the severity of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and to monitor and medicate patients going through withdrawal.
Why is Ciwa scoring used?
The CIWA-Ar has added usefulness because high scores, in addition to indicating severe withdrawal, are also predictive of the development of seizures and delirium (Naranjo, et al, 1983; Young, et al, 1987). The CIWA-Ar scale can measure 10 symptoms. Scores of less than 8 to 10 indicate minimal to mild withdrawal.
What Ciwa stands for?
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol
Is Ciwa only used for alcohol?
The CIWA-Ar should used in all patients suspected of being at risk to have alcohol withdrawal. Because it takes only a minute or two to administer, the scale can be used as frequently (i.e., every 1-2 hours) and can be used early when alcohol withdrawal is viewed only as a clinical risk.
What type of drugs are barbiturates?
Barbiturates are a group of drugs in the class of drugs known as sedative-hypnotics, which generally describes their sleep-inducing and anxiety-decreasing effects. Barbiturates can be extremely dangerous because the correct dose is difficult to predict.
What do barbiturates do to a person?
Barbiturates increase the activity of a chemical in the brain that helps transmit signals. This chemical is known as gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). As a medication, they reduce muscle spasms, relieve anxiety, prevent seizures, and induce sleep.
Are barbiturates legal?
Legal status in the United States Barbiturates are Schedule II, III, and IV depressants under the Controlled Substances Act.