How do you measure electrode length?
Various methods of electrode-length measurement were investigated, and it was found that a microwave measurement system based on a conventional frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar presented the most feasible technique. In this system, microwaves are propagated down a waveguide placed in the electrode.
How does a submerged arc furnace work?
Submerged arc furnaces are mainly used for the production of ferroalloys. The nomenclature submerged means that the furnace’s electrodes are buried deep in the furnace burden. A reduction reaction takes place near the tip of the electrodes to facilitate the furnace’s process.
What is electrode management?
The EMS is an expert system that helps operators make electrode slipping decisions by using the information from the furnace control system. The system proposes slipping for each of the three electrodes and it gives the maximum safe slipping amount based on the used current for each electrode.
What is ARC heating and its types?
Arc furnaces are of two types namely: (1) Direct arc furnaces. (2) Submerged arc furnaces and. (3) Indirect arc furnaces. In a direct arc furnace, shown in Fig. 5.4, the arc is formed between the electrodes and the charge, while in the indirect arc furnace the arc is formed between the electrodes, as shown in Fig.
Why is coal used in steel production?
Coking coal is a key raw material in steel production. As iron occurs only as iron oxides in the earth’s crust, the ores must be converted, or ‘reduced’, using carbon. The primary source of this carbon is coking coal. Coke reduces iron ore to molten iron saturated with carbon, called hot metal.
What is the largest quantity raw material for steel?
iron ore
What is the raw material needed for steel production?
The three main raw materials used to make pig iron (which is the raw material needed to make steel) for primary steel production in a blast furnace are the processed iron ore, coke (residue left after heating coal in the absence of air, generally containing up to 90% carbon) and limestone (CaCO3) or burnt lime (CaO).
What is the formula for Coca Cola?
Ingredients: 1 oz (28 g) caffeine citrate. 3 oz (85 g) citric acid. 1 US fl oz (30 ml) vanilla extract.