Who is affected by leishmaniasis?
More than 90% of people who develop visceral leishmaniasis live in poor rural regions of Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, South Sudan, Sudan and Brazil. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is much more widespread, in particular in South and Central America, the Middle East and Central Asia.
Why is it called dum dum fever?
The agent of the disease was also first isolated in India by Scottish doctor William Leishman (who observed the parasite in spleen smears of a soldier who died of the disease in Dumdum, Calcutta, India – hence the name dumdum fever) and Irish physician Charles Donovan, working independently of each other.
Which disease is also known as dum dum fever?
Dumdum fever: Also called kala-azar, a chronic, potentially fatal parasitic disease of the viscera (the internal organs) due to infection by an agent called Leishmania donovani.
Who is responsible for kala azar?
Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal if left untreated in over 95% of cases.
What are the complications of kala azar?
They may include the following:
- Secondary bacterial infection, including pneumonia and tuberculosis.
- Septicemia.
- Disfigurement of nose, lips, and palate (eg, cancrum oris)
- Uncontrolled bleeding.
- Splenic rupture.
- Late stages: Edema, cachexia, and hyperpigmentation.
- Metastatic lesions in the nasopharynx with tissue destruction.
What causes Kala?
What causes kala azar? Kala azar is caused by bites from female phlebotomine sandflies – the vector (or transmitter) of the leishmania parasite. The sand flies feed on animals and humans for blood, which they need for developing their eggs.
Which organ is severely affected in kala azar?
Visceral leishmaniasis (also known as VL or kala-azar) affects internal organs such as the liver and spleen. VL is fatal if not treated.
How can kala azar be prevented?
The most effective method to prevent infection is to protect from sand fly bites. To decrease the risk of being bitten following precautions are suggested: Outdoors: -Avoid outdoor activities, especially from dusk to dawn, when sand flies generally are the most active.
What is black sickness?
a chronic disease, occurring in india, Assam, china, the area formerly known as the Mediterranean littoral areas, the middle east, india, Pakistan, china, south and Central America, asia, Africa caused by leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of an appropriate species of sandfly of the genus phlebotomus or …
Why is my vomit black?
Your vomit may appear black if the blood has been oxidized by the acids in your stomach. The iron in your blood turns brown to black with time. Since the blood is no longer bright red, it means that the bleeding has either stopped or is only happening in a small amount.
How do you treat black fungus at home?
The viral video shows Dr Parameshwara Arora explaining how black fungus can be cured by consuming two drops of mustard oil mixed with potash alum, turmeric and rock salt powder regularly.
Is black fever contagious?
Bubonic and septicemic plague are only rarely spread from person to person; transmission occurs when fleas feed on infected rodents and then bite people. Transmission of pneumonic plague to another person typically requires direct and close (within 6 feet) contact with an infected person.
What are the 3 types of plagues?
Plague symptoms depend on how the patient was exposed to the plague bacteria. Plague can take different clinical forms, but the most common are bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic.
How many died from the Black Plague?
The Black Death, which hit Europe in 1347, claimed an astonishing 200 million lives in just four years.