What is the object of highway planning?
(i) Planning a highway network for safe, efficient and fast movement of people and goods. (ii) Keeping the overall cost of construction and maintenance of the roads in the network to a minimum. (iii) Planning for future development and anticipated traffic needs for a specific design period.
What are the objectives of highway engineering?
Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods.
What are the objectives of highway alignment?
The highway alignment optimization considers minimization of land acquisition cost, earthwork cost, pavement construction cost, travel-time cost, vehicle operation cost and accident cost as the objective.
What are the objects of highway geometric design planning?
The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and constraints. The basic objectives in geometric design are to optimize efficiency and safety while minimizing cost and environmental damage.
What are the 5 main components of a traffic control zone?
Most temporary traffic control zones are divided into four areas: the advance warning area, the transition area, the activity area, and the termination area.
What is the first stage in traffic engineering studies?
What is the first stage in traffic engineering studies? Explanation: The first step in traffic engineering studies is traffic volume studies, which are carried out to understand the traffic characteristics.
What is the most commonly used overlay?
Explanation: The most commonly used overlay is flexible over flexible, rigid over flexible and rigid over rigid are also used but flexible is the most preferred and used pavement. Explanation: The commercial vehicles per day are considered as 150 to 1500 for pavement design studies.
What is the first step in the accident study?
Explanation: The first step in the accident study is accident data collection. This data collection is generally done by the police. Motorists accident reports are considered secondary data.
Which bitumen does not need heat?
Which bitumen does not need heating? Explanation: The cutback bitumen which is the most economical type may or may not require heating, whereas the remaining required to be heated.
Which of the following property of bitumen is determined by using P * * * * * * * * * * Test?
Penetration test of Bitumen determines the hardness or softness of bitumen by measuring the depth in millimeter to which a standard loaded needle will penetrate vertically in five seconds while the temperature of the bitumen sample is maintained at 25 C.
What do you mean by 80 100 Bitumen?
Bitumen Penetration Grade 80/100 is a standard penetration grade Bitumen usually used as a Paving Grade Bitumen suitable for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties. This grade of Bitumen is mainly used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses.
What are the three types of bitumen?
Different Types of Bitumen, their Properties and Uses
- Penetration Grade Bitumen.
- Oxidized Bitumen.
- Cutback Bitumen.
- Bitumen Emulsion.
- Polymer – Modified Bitumen.
What is the meaning of 60 70 Bitumen?
A grade of 60/70 bitumen means the penetration value is in the range 60 to 70 at standard test conditions which usually used as a Paving Grade. Bitumen 60/70 is applicable for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties and for construction and maintenance of roads.
What is difference between bitumen and tar?
The two substances are very similar and sometimes the terms tar and bitumen are used interchangeably. Bitumen can be naturally occurring whereas tar usually has to be artificially distilled. Also, Bitumen occurs in both solid and liquid forms whereas tar is generally always a viscous liquid.
What are the qualities of bitumen?
General Properties of Bitumen
- Most bitumens are colloidal in nature.
- Bitumen are thermoplastics.
- They have no specific melting, boiling or freezing point.
- Bitumens are insoluble in water.
- They are highly impermeable to the passage of water.
- They are generally hydrophobic.
- Bitumen oxidises slowly.
How do you calculate bitumen grade?
The penetration is measured in mm and it indicates the relative hardness of the bitumen. Higher the penetration, softer is the bitumen. A penetration of 0.6 to 0.7 mm indicates 60/70 penetration grade bitumen.
What is the difference between bitumen and asphalt?
Bitumen is actually the liquid binder that holds asphalt together. The term bitumen is often mistakenly used to describe asphalt. A bitumen-sealed road has a layer of bitumen sprayed and then covered with an aggregate. Asphalt results in a smoother and more durable asphalt road surface than a bitumen-sealed road.
What are the tests for bitumen?
Tests on bitumen
- Penetration test.
- Ductility test.
- Softening point test.
- Specific gravity test.
- Viscosity test.
- Flash and Fire point test.
- Float test.
- Water content test.
What are different grades of bitumen?
Viscosity Grading of Bitumen
| Ad Grade | Viscosity at 60 degree Celsius, Poises |
|---|---|
| AC -2.5 SOFTEST | 250±/-50 |
| AC-5 | 500±/-100 |
| AC-10 | 1000±/-200 |
| AC-20 | 2000±/-400 |
Why CBR test is done?
Purpose of California bearing ratio test: The purpose of doing a CBR test is to find out the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of a material which has to be used for the subgrade of flexible pavements. The actual quantity that concerns the strength of the subgrade material is Resilient Modulus though.