How do you calculate Norton equivalent resistance?

How do you calculate Norton equivalent resistance? Find the Norton resistance by removing all power sources in the original circuit (voltage sources shorted and current sources open) and calculating total resistance between the open connection points. Draw the Norton equivalent circuit, with the Norton current source in parallel with the Norton resistance. How do you […]

How do you calculate expected value?

How do you calculate expected value? In statistics and probability analysis, the expected value is calculated by multiplying each of the possible outcomes by the likelihood each outcome will occur and then summing all of those values. By calculating expected values, investors can choose the scenario most likely to give the desired outcome. How do […]

How does carbon content affect the ductility of steel?

How does carbon content affect the ductility of steel? The ductility of steels varies depending on the types and levels of alloying elements present. An increase in carbon, for example, will increase the strength but decrease the ductility. Hardness is the ability of a material to resist abrasion or penetration on its surface. What happens […]

How is hose size measured?

How is hose size measured? Hoses are measured by inside diameter, unlike tubes which are measured by outside diameter. As a matter of fact, that is how the hoses and tubes are differentiated. Dash numbers, the industry standard, are typically used to describe hose and coupling size. Is hose diameter internal or external? Both Hozelock […]

How does annealing temperature affect PCR?

How does annealing temperature affect PCR? The annealing temperature (Ta) chosen for PCR relies directly on length and composition of the primers. This can lead to nonspecific PCR amplification and will consequently reduce the yield of the desired product. What will happen during the PCR if the annealing temperature is too low? If temperature is […]

What role does the consumer play in determining the goods that are produced consumer sovereignty?

What role does the consumer play in determining the goods that are produced consumer sovereignty? Consumer sovereignty is the theory that consumer preferences determine the production of goods and services. This means consumers can use their spending power as ‘votes’ for goods. In return, producers will respond to those preferences and produce those goods. What […]

What are the effects of heat transfer?

What are the effects of heat transfer? The basic effect of heat transfer is that the particles of one substance collide with the particles of another substance. The more energetic substance will typically lose internal energy (i.e. “cool down”) while the less energetic substance will gain internal energy (i.e. “heat up”). Can a window AC […]

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