Category: Engineering

What if the gain of the system is increased? If the gain increases to a high enough extent, some systems can become unstable. We will examine this effect in the chapter on Root Locus. But it will decrease the steady state error. Can a transfer function have no zeros? The polynomial order of a function […]

What is the 1st step of the design process? Discovery is the first step of the design process, where teams work together to develop an understanding of the problem they are trying to solve, and define the path they will take to explore solutions. It culminates in the communication of a vision – a concise […]

How recursion concept is related to stack? Many programming languages implement recursion by means of stacks. Generally, whenever a function (caller) calls another function (callee) or itself as callee, the caller function transfers execution control to the callee. This transfer process may also involve some data to be passed from the caller to the callee. […]

What is the carbon content of 1045 steel? AISI 1045 Carbon Steel Chemical Analysis C Carbon 0.43 – 0.50 Mn Manganese 0.60 – 0.90 max P Phosphorus 0.040 max S Sulfur 0.050 max What is the Rockwell hardness of 1045 steel? 54-60 How do you heat treat 1045 steel? HEAT TREATING 1045 is a water […]

What are the 14 Bravais unit cells? The 14 Bravais lattices are grouped into seven lattice systems: triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, rhombohedral, hexagonal, and cubic. In a crystal system, a set of point groups and their corresponding space groups are assigned to a lattice system. What is an orthorhombic lattice? Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching […]

What amount of change requires the most coins? It’s easy to see that you can’t require more than eight coins, because you can’t increase the number of any of the coin types without creating a combination that could be obtained with less coins. Let’s see: If you increase the number of pennies to five, you […]

How do you calculate the efficiency of an Otto cycle? In this equation, the ratio V1/V2 is known as the compression ratio, CR. When we rewrite the expression for thermal efficiency using the compression ratio, we conclude the air-standard Otto cycle thermal efficiency is a function of compression ratio and κ = cp/cv. What are […]

What is state of stress at a point? A general stress state of a point in a solid consist of three normal stresses σx, σy, σz and six shearing stresses τxy, τyx, τxz, τzx, τyz, and τzy as shown in figure 1. Figure 1: General Stress State. Each of the stresses (or stress components) represents […]

What is the input offset voltage of an op amp? The input offset voltage is defined as the voltage that must be applied between the two input terminals of the op amp to obtain zero volts at the output. Ideally the output of the op amp should be at zero volts when the inputs are […]

What is known as the efficiency of doing work? By working efficiently, more can be produced with the same amount of input (resources)(1). In short, achieving more for lower costs, a higher return and less pressure. Efficiency means ‘doing things in the right way’. 2. Two sorts of efficiency are often referred to, namely static […]