Why are animals in the Galapagos Islands Unique? Marine life in the Galapagos is unlike anywhere else in the world, since 20% of marine species found there are endemic to the Galapagos. Among the marine mammals living in the Galapagos Islands, sea lions stand out for many visitors due to their curious and active nature. […]
What is the relationship between carbon dioxide and temperature?
What is the relationship between carbon dioxide and temperature? When the carbon dioxide concentration goes up, temperature goes up. When the carbon dioxide concentration goes down, temperature goes down. How have increased carbon dioxide levels and temperatures affected living organisms << read less? Carbon dioxide increases temperatures, extending the growing season and increasing humidity. Both […]
What mutation causes antibiotic resistance?
What mutation causes antibiotic resistance? Ribosomal mutations promote the evolution of antibiotic resistance in a multidrug environment. eLife, 2017; 6 DOI: 10.7554/eLife. 20420. What factors contribute to antibiotic resistance? In summary, the 6 main causes of antibiotic resistance have been linked to: Over-prescription of antibiotics. Patients not finishing the entire antibiotic course. Overuse of antibiotics […]
How do you calculate Macrostates?
How do you calculate Macrostates? The probability of finding any given macrostate is the ratio of the number of its microstates to the total number of possible microstates. For example, the probability of getting 2 heads is W (n)/ W (all) = 3/8. Things get more tricky if you have many coins, like 100, for […]
What is the life cycle of a cumulus cloud?
What is the life cycle of a cumulus cloud? Traditionally, a cloud lifetime is split into three phases: (1) a young cloud with a strong vertical growth; (2) a mature cloud, where the inflow of air from the subcloud thermal is assumed to be in balance with detrainment from the cloud into the environment; and […]
What are the types of vesicular transport?
What are the types of vesicular transport? Vesicles or other bodies in the cytoplasm move macromolecules or large particles across the plasma membrane. There are two types of vesicle transport, endocytosis and exocytosis (illustrated in Figure below). How can you prevent endocytosis? To avoid the problem of non-specific effects of chemical inhibitors, genetic approaches have […]
What four things do you need to check when taking measurements?
What four things do you need to check when taking measurements? When most people make a measurement, they assume it will be good enough….Four Steps To Ensure Measurement Data Quality What do you measure that’s important? How good do your measurements need to be? How do you know they are good enough? In the future, […]
What is the end result of cytokinesis?
What is the end result of cytokinesis? During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the cell is divided in half, and the cell membrane grows to enclose each cell, forming two separate cells as a result. The end result of mitosis and cytokinesis is two genetically identical cells where only one cell existed before. Does meiosis result […]
What are disadvantages of iodine?
What are disadvantages of iodine? Excessive iodine consumption can lead to similar symptoms as iodine deficiency, including thyroid dysfunction and goiter. Too much iodine may lead to thyroiditis and thyroid papillary cancer. At very high levels, iodine poisoning can cause: burning of the mouth, throat, and stomach. What is the best iodine supplement on the […]
Where is basalt commonly found?
Where is basalt commonly found? It is found all over Earth, but especially under the oceans and in other areas where Earth’s crust is thin. It formed in the Isle Royale-Keweenaw region because of the Midcontinent Rift. Most of Earth’s surface is basalt lava, but basalt makes up only a small fraction of continents. What […]