How a brainbow mouse is made?
To create this image, a new generation of “Brainbow” mouse was created by a crossing the original mouse with one containing the Cre gene under the control of the Islet-1 promoter.
What is the brainbow mouse?
Brainbow is a genetic cell-labeling technique where hundreds of different hues can be generated by stochastic and combinatorial expression of a few spectrally distinct fluorescent proteins.
Who invented brainbow?
In 2007, Joshua Sanes and Jeff Lichtman, both of Harvard’s Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, harnessed these attributes of Cre-lox to create the Brainbow mouse neural labeling system. Brainbow-1 and -2 have been further refined to create Brainbow 3.2.
What is a confetti mouse?
The Confetti mouse is a loxP-based reporter system in which Cre dependent DNA recombination causes the permanent expression of one of several possible fluorescent proteins in a stochastic manner2. The crossing of a tissue-specific Cre strain with the R26R-Confetti strain provides the specificity of labeling.
How does the CRE LOX system work?
Cre recombinase proteins bind to the first and last 13 bp regions of a lox site forming a dimer. This dimer then binds to a dimer on another lox site to form a tetramer. The double stranded DNA is cut at both loxP sites by the Cre protein. The strands are then rejoined with DNA ligase in a quick and efficient process.
What is Cre expression?
Cre recombinase is a tyrosine recombinase enzyme derived from the P1 bacteriophage. The enzyme uses a topoisomerase I-like mechanism to carry out site specific recombination events. Two separate DNA species both containing loxP sites can undergo fusion as the result of Cre mediated recombination.
What infection is cre?
CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) infections come from bacteria that are normally found in a healthy person’s digestive tract.
Who discovered Cre lox?
Nat L. Sternberg
How do you introduce loxP sites?
LoxP sites are introduced in a manner that they don’t interfere with the function of the targeted gene. Right mouse: a transgenic strain that express Cre-recombinase under the control of cell type- or tissue-specific promoter.
Where are loxP sites located?
LoxP sites can be located in cis surrounding a specific gene, or can be located in trans, where the two LoxP sites are located in separate areas of the genome. One of the advantages of using the Cre–LoxP system is the ability to manipulate the transgene in vivo.
What is a stop cassette?
The STOP cassette consists of the 3′ portion of the yeast His3 gene, an SV40 polyadenylation sequence and a false translation initiation codon followed by a 5′ splice donor site.
Is Cre lox reversible?
All recombination events mediated by FLP or Cre are reversible. Whereas the excision of a piece of DNA flanked by loxP/FRT sites is favored over its reintroduction, inversion and re-inversion happen at the same probability.
How do you make a CRE LOX mouse?
In this system, a region of interest flanked by two lox sites (floxed) is deleted or inverted by Cre-mediated recombination, leading to gene knockout only in a Cre-expressing cell. In general, Cre/lox mice are generated by mating a Cre-driver mouse with a flox mouse.
What are lox p sites?
LoxP sites are directional 34 bp sequences made up of two 13 bp recognition sites separated by an 8 bp spacer region. The sequences don’t occur naturally in any known genomes other than the P1 bacteriophage, and are long enough that they are unlikely to occur by chance.
Is Cre a gene?
Cre (Cre recombinase) is one of the tyrosine site-specific recombinases (T-SSRs) including flipase (Flp) and D6 specific recombinase (Dre) [1,2]. it was discovered as a 38-kDa DNA recombinase produced from cre (cyclization recombinase) gene of bacteriophage P1 [3,4,5,6].
What are Cre mice used for?
The Cre/lox system is one of the most powerful and versatile tools developed for mouse genetics. It gives mouse researchers sophisticated control over the location and timing of gene expression. Cre/lox is usually used to make knockout alleles, but it can also be used to activate gene expression.
What is CRE optogenetics?
However, in brief, Cre recombinase is an enzyme that catalyzes site-specific recombination between two DNA recognition sequences known as loxP sites. Any DNA that is present between two loxP sites of the same orientation (‘floxed’ DNA) will be excised.
What antibiotics is CRE resistant to?
CRE are a major concern for patients in healthcare settings because they are resistant to carbapenem antibiotics, which are considered the last line of defense to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
Is CRE worse than MRSA?
Considered more dangerous than MRSA, Dr. Frieden called CRE a “Nightmare Bacteria” because of its high mortality rate, it’s resistance to nearly all antibiotics, and its ability to spread its drug resistance to other bacteria.
What disinfectant kills cre?
CRE is killed by using heat or bleach.