How are fish and dogs related?
They belong to the same kingdom but different phyla. They belong to the same phylum but different classes. They belong to the same phylum and class. …
What are fish similarities and differences?
All fish share two traits: they live in water and they have a backbone—they are vertebrates. Apart from these similarities, however, many of the species in this group differ markedly from one another. Fin fish like salmon have gills, are covered in scales, and reproduce by laying eggs.
What are the similarities between fish and mammals?
| Fish | Marine Mammals |
|---|---|
| Fish swim by moving their tail from side to side. | Marine mammals swim by moving their tail up and down. |
| Fish have gills so they can breathe underwater. | Marine mammals do not have gills. They have to come to the surface to breathe. |
| Fish are cold-blooded animals. | Marine mammals are warm-blooded. |
How are animals and plants similar and different?
Plants and animals share many characteristics, but they are different in some respects. Animals usually move around and find their own food, while plants are usually immobile and create their food via photosynthesis. Animal cells absorb nutrients from food, while plant cells use plastids to create energy from sunlight.
What are the differences in plant and animal cells?
A plant cell contains a large, singular vacuole that is used for storage and maintaining the shape of the cell. In contrast, animal cells have many, smaller vacuoles. Plant cells have a cell wall, as well as a cell membrane. Animal cells simply have a cell membrane, but no cell wall.
What are the five similarities between plant and animal cells?
Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells and have several similarities. The similarities include common organelles like cell membrane, cell nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and golgi apparatus.
What is difference between plant cell and animal cell class 9?
A plant cell is surrounded by rigid cell wall whereas animal cell does not have cell wall. Presence of a large vacuole in plant cell, which is small in animal cell. Plant cells have plastids whereas animal cells do not have plastids. Centrosomes are absent in plant cell whereas animal cell have centrosomes.
What is Plasmolysis Class 9?
Plasmolysis is defined as the process of contraction or shrinkage of the protoplasm of a plant cell and is caused due to the loss of water in the cell. Plasmolysis is an example of the results of osmosis and rarely occurs in nature.
What is the difference between plant cell and animal cell with diagram?
The shape of a plant cell is a fixed rectangular shape, whereas an animal cell is mostly round and irregular in shape….Plasma Membrane:
| Plant Cell | Animal Cell |
|---|---|
| A plant cell is enclosed by a hard/rigid cell wall along with the plasma membrane. | The animal cell is enclosed by a thin, flexible plasma membrane. |
What is Cytolysis Class 9?
The biological phenomena of exosmosis when a cell or tissue is placed into a strong hypertonic solution, is termed as plasmolysis, whereas the reverse process is cytolysis, which occurs if the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution resulting in a lower external osmotic pressure and a net flow of water into the cell.
What is diffusion give an example class 9?
“Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration down the concentration gradient.”
What is phagocytosis Class 9?
Phagocytosis, process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. The phagocyte may be a free-living one-celled organism, such as an amoeba, or one of the body cells, such as a white blood cell.
What are the 3 types of phagocytes?
The main types of phagocytes are monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, tissue dendritic cells, and mast cells.
What are types of phagocytes?
The professional phagocytes are the monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, tissue dendritic cells and mast cells. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes.
What is meant by phagocytes?
Phagocyte, type of cell that has the ability to ingest, and sometimes digest, foreign particles, such as bacteria, carbon, dust, or dye. It engulfs foreign bodies by extending its cytoplasm into pseudopods (cytoplasmic extensions like feet), surrounding the foreign particle and forming a vacuole.
What is an example of phagocytosis?
Examples of Phagocytosis White blood cells are known as “professional” phagocytes because their role in the body is to find and engulf invading bacteria. Ciliates are another type of organisms that use phagocytosis to eat. Ciliates are protozoans that are found in water, and they eat bacteria and algae.
What is the process of phagocytes?
Phagocytosis is a process wherein a cell binds to the item it wants to engulf on the cell surface and draws the item inward while engulfing around it. The process of phagocytosis often happens when the cell is trying to destroy something, like a virus or an infected cell, and is often used by immune system cells.
How do phagocytes work?
Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that use phagocytosis to engulf bacteria, foreign particles, and dying cells to protect the body. They bind to pathogens and internalise them in a phagosome, which acidifies and fuses with lysosomes in order to destroy the contents.
What are the four stages of phagocytosis?
The Steps Involved in Phagocytosis
- Step 1: Activation of the Phagocyte.
- Step 2: Chemotaxis of Phagocytes (for wandering macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils)
- Step 3: Attachment of the Phagocyte to the Microbe or Cell.
- Step 4: Ingestion of the Microbe or Cell by the Phagocyte.
What are the five steps of phagocytosis?
Terms in this set (5)
- Chemotaxis. – movement in response to chemical stimulation.
- Adherence. – attachment to a microbe.
- Ingestion. – engulfing pathogen with pseudopodia wrapping around pathogen.
- Digestion. – phagosome maturation.
- Elimination. – phagocytes eliminate remaining pieces of microbe via exocytosis.
What triggers phagocytosis?
The process of phagocytosis begins with the binding of opsonins (i.e. complement or antibody) and/or specific molecules on the pathogen surface (called pathogen-associated molecular pathogens [PAMPs]) to cell surface receptors on the phagocyte. This causes receptor clustering and triggers phagocytosis.
Is phagocytosis good or bad?
Surface phagocytosis may be an important pre-antibody defense mechanism which determines whether an infection will become a disease and how severe the disease will become.
How do you increase phagocytosis?
Omega 3. Omega 3 fats are also essential. They work by increasing the activity of phagocytes, the white blood cells that destroy bacteria. These fats also help strengthen cell membranes, thereby speeding up healing and strengthening resistance to infection in the body.
What is phagocytosis in inflammation?
Phagocytosis is the primary method used by the body to remove free microorganisms in the blood and tissue fluids. 2. An inflammatory response to injury and/or infection allows phagocytes to leave the bloodstream, enter the tissue, and go to the site of infection or injury.
What attracts phagocytes to the site of inflammation?
When an infection occurs, a chemical “SOS” signal is given off to attract phagocytes to the site. These chemical signals may include proteins from invading bacteria, clotting system peptides, complement products, and cytokines that have been given off by macrophages located in the tissue near the infection site.
Are B and T cells phagocytes?
The three types of lymphocytes are T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. The T cells destroy pathogens in a specific manner and activate B cells to produce antigen-specific antibodies. Phagocytes can be either macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells or mast cells.
Are B cells innate or adaptive?
The Innate vs. Adaptive Immune Response
| Line of Defense | Cells | |
|---|---|---|
| Innate (non-specific) | First | Natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils |
| Adaptive (specific) | Second | T and B lymphocytes |