How can graphs be misleading?

How can graphs be misleading?

Misleading graphs are sometimes deliberately misleading and sometimes it’s just a case of people not understanding the data behind the graph they create. The “classic” types of misleading graphs include cases where: The Vertical scale is too big or too small, or skips numbers, or doesn’t start at zero.

What is an example of using statistics to mislead?

In 2007, toothpaste company Colgate ran an ad stating that 80% of dentists recommend their product. Based on the promotion, many shoppers assumed Colgate was the best choice for their dental health. But this wasn’t necessarily true. In reality, this is a famous example of misleading statistics.

What is the best way to protect yourself against misleading graphs?

What is the best way to protect yourself against misleading graphs? Read the labels, the scale, the numbers and the context-and ask what story the picture is trying to tell you. This very short TED-Ed video explains it perfectly and is well worth 4 minutes of your time.

Why is the mean salary misleading?

So the business decision based on the mean value of age was misleading and the reason is simple. It is because of the mathematical definition of mean, which says, in order to calculate the mean value, sum all the numbers and divide it by the total number of items.

How percentages can be misleading?

Percent change is misleading because it’s hard to know if the percentage was calculated using the original numbers or the total resulting from the change. Looking at the charts, it’s much easier to see where the price increases and decreases got confusing. The original discount was 25% of $5.00, or $1.25.

Why are percentages better than counts?

Why are percentages or rates often better than counts for making comparisons? They take into account possible differences among the sizes of the groups. The outcome variable in a question about causality is also referred to as what?

How do you know if Percent change is significant?

If both lb and ub have the same sign (that is both are positive or both are negative), then the percent change is statistically significant. If lb and ub have different signs (that is one is positive and one is negative), then the percent change is not statistically significant.

Why is percent change a more insightful measurement than grams gained or lost?

Answer: The difference in mass does not deal with the proportional aspect of the solutions, making the results less accurate. The percent was calculated to give an exact difference, along with considering the quantities of solution.

How do you calculate mass loss?

1 Answer

1. Calculate the mass loss. Average mass loss = Initial mass average – Final mass average.
2. Calculate the average nail area in square millimetres. Use the formula for the area of a cylinder.
3. Calculate the mass loss per square millimetre. The coating is so thin that it does not affect the dimensions of the nail.

How do I calculate molar concentration?

To calculate the Molar Concentration, we will find the molar concentration by dividing the moles by liters of water used in the solution. For example, the acetic acid here is completely dissolved in 1.25 L of water. Then divide 0.1665 moles by 1.25 L to get the molar concentration, which will be 0.1332 M.

What is the formula for calculating concentration?

The standard formula is C = m/V, where C is the concentration, m is the mass of the solute dissolved, and V is the total volume of the solution.

How do you find molar concentration from a graph?

Calculating the Molar Concentration of a Solution To find the molarity of this solution, you need to divide the total moles of solute (NaCl) by the total volume: This means that your 5 L solution which contains 10 moles of NaCl is a 2 M NaCl solution. Here, “M” is said aloud as “molar.”

What is the unit of molar concentration?

molarity

What is unit of concentration?

In chemistry, concentration of a solution is often measured in molarity (M), which is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. This molar concentration (ci) is calculated by dividing the moles of solute (ni ) by the total volume (V) of the: ci=niV. The SI unit for molar concentration is mol/m3.

How do you find final concentration?

Use the formula x = (c ÷ V) × 100 to convert the concentration (c) and volume (V) of the final solution to a percentage. In the example, c = 60 ml and V = 350 ml. Solve the above formula for x, which is the percentage concentration of the final solution.

What is a dilution factor of 2?

When a concentrated solution is diluted, the dilution factor may be expressed as the ratio of the concentration of stock solution to the concentration of the diluted solution. As another example, a 2-fold dilution is the same as a dilution factor of 2.

How do you find the concentration of a serial dilution?

In serial dilutions, you multiply the dilution factors for each step. The dilution factor or the dilution is the initial volume divided by the final volume. For example, if you add a 1 mL sample to 9 mL of diluent to get 10 mL of solution, #DF = V_i/V_f# = #(1″mL”)/(10″mL”) = 1/10# .

Which of the following is more concentrated?

1M solution will be more concentrated as it has 98 g in 1000 ml solution whereas 1 molal has 98 g in 1000 g of water. In molar solutions the actual weight of water will be lesser than the molal solutions. Hence molar solutions are more concentrated than molal solutions. Answer is C.

Which solution is the most concentrated 2.0 mL?

• Answer: the option 4) 2.0 mL of 10.5 M H₂O₂, where H₂O₂ has a molar mass of 34 g/mol.
• Its concentration is 10.5 M.
• Explanation:
• Molartity is the concentration of the solution expressed as number of moles of solute per liters of solution.
• M = number of moles of solute / volume of solution in liters.

What is the most concentrated?

Explanation: A concentrated solution will contain the most solute molecules per solvent molecules. Hence, option D) is most concentrated.

What best defines concentration?

A chemist dilutes a 1.0 mL sample of 2.0 M KNO3 by adding water to it. Which best defines concentration? ratio that describes the amount of solute divided by the amount of solvent or solution. A student prepares 150.0 mL of 1.40 M HCl using 35.0 mL of a stock solution.

What are the 3 types of concentration?

Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. A concentration can be any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently solutes and solvents in solutions.

How do you describe concentration?

In chemistry, concentration refers to the amount of a substance in a defined space. Another definition is that concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution. Concentration is usually expressed in terms of mass per unit volume.

What is the difference between amount and concentration?

‘Amount’ is the total quantity of a given thing – say, ten thousand grains of sand. ‘Concentration’ describes how close each grain is to the other. If they are spread out across a cricket pitch, they are thinly concentrated. If they are all piled up together in a heap, they are closely concentrated.