How do antibiotics work?
Antibiotics fight bacterial infections either by killing bacteria or slowing and suspending its growth. They do this by: attacking the wall or coating surrounding bacteria. interfering with bacteria reproduction.
How does an antibiotic work short answer?
Antibiotics disrupt essential processes or structures in the bacterial cell. This either kills the bacterium or slows down bacterial growth. Depending on these effects an antibiotic is said to be bactericidal or bacteriostatic.
How are antibiotics effective in the treatment of some diseases Class 9?
Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent some types of bacterial infection. They work by killing bacteria or preventing them from reproducing and spreading. Antibiotics aren’t effective against viral infections, such as the common cold, flu, most coughs and sore throats.
What is the mechanism of action of antibiotic penicillin class 9?
The penicillins as well as other β-lactam antibiotics are bactericidal drugs. They kill susceptible bacterial by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall144,169.
What are antibiotics with examples?
The main types of antibiotics include:
- Penicillins – for example, phenoxymethylpenicillin, flucloxacillin and amoxicillin.
- Cephalosporins – for example, cefaclor, cefadroxil and cefalexin.
- Tetracyclines – for example, tetracycline, doxycycline and lymecycline.
- Aminoglycosides – for example, gentamicin and tobramycin.
What is penicillin class 9?
Penicillin. Penicillin was first ever “true” antibiotic and it was discovered by a Scottish bacteriologist, Alexander Fleming in 1928. It was widely used to treat the different types of bacterial infections that plagued man.
How does penicillin kill bacteria Class 9?
Antibiotics are drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Some antibiotics, such as the penicillins, are ‘bactericidal’. They work by killing bacteria. They do this by interfering with the formation of the cell walls or cell contents of the bacteria.
What are viruses Class 9?
Viruses are non-cellular, microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate inside a host cell. In a nutshell, a virus is a non-cellular, infectious entity made up of genetic material and protein that can invade and reproduce only within the living cells of bacteria, plants and animals.
What is disease Class 9?
Disease. Any disturbance in the structure or function of any organ or part of body. It may be caused due to the attack of pathogens (virus, bacteria), lack of nutritious diet/balanced diet and lack of public health services.
What are symptoms Class 9?
Answer: A symptom is a phenomenon that is experienced by the individual affected by the disease, while a sign is a phenomenon that can be detected by someone other than the individual affected by the disease. For example, anxiety, pain, and fatigue are all symptoms.
What are the 3 classifications of disease?
The most widely used classifications of disease are (1) topographic, by bodily region or system, (2) anatomic, by organ or tissue, (3) physiological, by function or effect, (4) pathological, by the nature of the disease process, (5) etiologic (causal), (6) juristic, by speed of advent of death, (7) epidemiological, and …
How can we prevent diseases Class 9?
How Can Disease Be Prevented?
- Hygienic conditions should be maintained in the surroundings we live in.
- Safe drinking water should be provided to prevent water-borne diseases.
- Provide a clean environment which prevents the breeding of mosquitoes.
What are basic conditions of good health class 9?
There are many conditions essential for good health (both physical and mental) which are:
- Well balanced diet.
- Healthy Habits.
- Exercise and Relaxation.
- Being disease-free.
- Social and economic well-being.
- Leading stress free life.
How we can prevent diseases?
Protect Yourself With Healthy Habits
- #1 Handle & Prepare Food Safely. Food can carry germs.
- #2 Wash Hands Often.
- #3 Clean & Disinfect Commonly Used Surfaces.
- #4 Cough and Sneeze into a Tissue or Your Sleeve.
- #5 Don’t Share Personal Items.
- #6 Get Vaccinated.
- #7 Avoid Touching Wild Animals.
- #8 Stay Home When Sick.
What are water borne diseases Class 9?
It can lead to food poisoning). The result: dangerous diseases like cholera and typhoid fever. Other waterborne diseases include diarrhoea, dysentery, polio and meningitis. Unclean water for washing can cause skin and infectious eye disease such as Trachoma.
How can we prevent water borne diseases Class 9?
Keep food and drinking water as covered as the preventive measures for water borne diseases. 9. Chlorination of drinking water, proper sanitation and hygiene practices to interrupt the disease transmission by vector is an effective measure. 10.
What are vaccines Class 9?
A vaccine is an antigenic substance that develops immunity against a disease which can be delivered through needle injections or by mouth or by aerosol. Vaccination is the injection of a dead or weakened organism that forms immunity against that organism in the body.
What is the most common water borne disease?
10 Common Waterborne Diseases and How to Prevent Them!
- Diarrhoea. In India, diarrhoea is the most common waterborne disease.
- Malarial fever. The plasmodium parasite mosquito is responsible for the spread of malaria.
- Amebiasis. Protozoa is the microorganism that causes amebiasis.
- Cholera.
- Hepatitis.
- Typhoid fever.
- Viral gastroenteritis.
- Cryptosporidiosis.
What diseases are spread through water?
These water sources can transmit water-borne diseases, which have been linked to about 502,000 diarrheal deaths every year.
- Water-Borne Diseases and their Impact.
- Diarrhea.
- Cholera.
- Typhoid.
- Amoebiasis.
- Hepatitis A.
- Transmission.
- Mitigation and Prevention.
What are the diseases caused by water?
Water and health. Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio.
What are examples of water-borne diseases?
Some waterborne pathogenic microorganisms spread by water can cause severe, life-threatening diseases. Examples are typhoid fever, cholera and Hepatitis A or E. Other microorganisms induce less dangerous diseases. Often, diarrhoea is the main symptom (figure 1).
Why are water borne diseases a problem?
Waterborne diseases are caused by a variety of microorganisms, biotoxins, and toxic contaminants, which lead to devastating illnesses such as cholera, schistosomiasis and other gastrointestinal problems.
Is water polluted?
Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment.
What diseases are caused by pollution?
The most common diseases caused by air pollution include ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Particulate air pollution has been linked with strokes, which occur when the blood supply to the brain is cut-off.
Which is the main source of water?
Answer. The main sources of water are surface water, groundwater and rainwater.