How do you calculate circulation rate in a cooling tower?

How do you calculate circulation rate in a cooling tower?

Cooling Tower Efficiency Calculations

1. Approach = Cold Water Temperature – Wet Bulb Temperature.
2. Cooling Tower Efficiency =
3. (Hot Water Temperature – Cold water Temperature) x 100/
4. (Hot Water Temperature – Wet bulb temperature)

What is conductivity in cooling tower water?

Cooling tower blowdown treatment is managed by using conductivity sensors to monitor cooling tower makeup water. Based on the reading from the sensors, a conductivity controller can open or close valves, allowing automatic cooling tower bleed off or side stream filtration.

What should be the TDS of cooling tower?

The TDS concentration of cooling tower water and the pH values depend on its original sources and on the cycle number of circulations inside the building. The TDS values change from 300 to 1,200 ppm.

What is the evaporation rate of a cooling tower?

Therefore, every tower ton (15,000 BTU/hr) requires approximately 1.8 gallons of water evaporation, or . 03 gpm/ton. As water evaporates in a cooling tower system, the water vapor enters the atmosphere while any dissolved solids remain behind, building concentration in the remaining water.

Which type of cooling tower is more efficient?

The film type of fill is the more efficient and provides same heat transfer in a smaller volume than the splash fill. Cold water basin: The cold water basin, located at or near the bottom of the tower, receives the cooled water that flows down through the tower and fill.

Why are cooling towers so tall?

Cooling towers are wide because it takes that much space to fit enough radiators and they are tall because they use natural convection (Stack effect ) to move the hot air out of the way.

What is the function of cooling tower?

A cooling tower is designed to remove heat from a building or facility by spraying water down through the tower to exchange heat into the inside of the building. Air comes in from the sides of the tower and passes through the falling water.

What are the parameters affect to performance of cooling tower?

Several parameters as Cooling range, Wet bulb temperature, Mass flow rate of water, Tower height, Air velocity through tower and many other things that affect the performance of cooling tower.

What is effect of varying water flowrate on performance of cooling tower?

With λ increases gradually, the outlet temperature of the cooling tower gradually declines in a slower and slower way. With the wet bulb temperature increases, the outlet temperature of cooling water increases gradually while the cooling efficiency is rising.

What is the difference between crossflow and counterflow cooling towers?

In a crossflow tower, air travels horizontally across the direction of the falling water whereas in a counterflow tower air travels in the opposite direction (counter) to the direction of the falling water. This is because of the air inlets on each style of tower.

Which of the following has maximum effect on cooling tower performance?

Explanation: Natural Draft is where air circulates naturally without any external force, and the atmospheric draft is a type of natural draft. So, the mechanical draft is the type of cooling tower which gives the maximum heat transfer due to usage of fans for the circulation.

How tall are cooling towers?

Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in the adjacent image) that can be up to 200 metres (660 ft) tall and 100 metres (330 ft) in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over 40 metres (130 ft) tall and 80 metres (260 ft) long.

How is cooling tower capacity calculated?

Multiply 500 times the water flow rate, times the temperature difference, divided by 12,000 or 500 x q x dt/12,000. The result is the tons of capacity of the cooling tower.

What is LG in terms of cooling tower?

For different wet-bulb temperatures, one finds that the results obtained for the cooling tower liquid–gas ratio (LG ratio), defined as the ratio of the water flow rate ratio to the airflow rate ratio, are clustered together and can be approximated by straight lines over a wide range of the variable w .

What is meant by COC in cooling tower?

COC or the Cycles Of Concentration is an abbreviation, used when talking about cooling water or cooling tower water. The COC specifies, how often a fresh water added into the loop, can be used or pumped around, before the water has to blown down or bleed off from the cooling tower.

What is the approach of a cooling tower?

Approach is the temperature of the water leaving the cooling tower (in this case, 85°F nominal) minus the ambient web bulb temperature (78°F wet bulb) or 7°F. This value represents how close the cooling tower gets the water to the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air.

How can we increase the efficiency of cooling tower?

How to Increase Your Industrial Cooling Tower Efficiency

1. Save energy.
2. Reduce the amount of water being consumed.
3. Decrease the amount of chemicals required for water treatment.
4. Extend the equipment service life.
5. Reduce operating costs, overall.

What causes low pH in cooling tower?

Stronger acids have lower pH values. Imbalances in cooling tower pH occur because fresh water is composed of more than just oxygen and hydrogen. Minerals dissolved in the water play a significant role in changing the pH of the cooling tower’s water. These minerals can collect and create scale.

What is drift loss in cooling tower?

In every cooling tower there is a loss of water to the environment due to the evaporative cooling process. Drift, however, is the undesirable loss of liquid water to the environment via small droplets that become entrained in the leaving air stream.