How do you find the slope of a canal?

Calculate the channel slope. Using the formula, slope equals change in elevation divided by ground distance. For example, if the ground distance is 11/16 or 0.69 inches and the scale factor is 1 inch equals 2,000 feet per inch, this equals 1,380 feet. The channel slope is 10 divided by 1,380, which equals 0.0072.

How do you find slope of friction?

Typically the friction slope is calculated using the Manning formula (Chow 1959; Chaudhry 1993) where A = cross-sectional area; Q = cross-sectional flow; B = channel bottom width; and So = channel bottom slope. For a rectangular channel, A = Bh. at ax 2 ay o.

What is Rugosity coefficient?

A value used in Manning’s formula to determine energy losses of flowing water due to pipe or channel wall roughness. Also see friction loss, Manning’s formula, and n Factor.

How is Hazen Williams coefficient calculated?

The formula for determining pressure drop, over a 100 foot section of pipe is AP100 = (452*Q1. 85)/(C1. 85*D4. 86), where Q is the rate of flow (GPM), D is the pipe’s internal diameter (inches) and C is the Hazen-Williams smoothness pipe coefficient.

What is Hazen-Williams C Factor?

C=Hazen-Williams Coefficient. D=Pipe inside diameter. Hazen-Williams Coefficient (C) varies from approximately C=60 for 40-year old cast iron pipe to C=150 for new plastic pipe. The higher the C, the smoother the pipe. The Hazen-Williams equation is typically used to analyze city water supply systems.

What is the difference between Darcy and Hazen-Williams?

The Darcy Weisbach formula takes into account the internal roughness (f), velocity (V) and hydraulic slope (L) in computing the headloss for a pipe. Whereas, Hazen-Williams formula uses only the dimensionless “C” factor for computing headloss.

What is head loss measured in?

This resistance is termed pipe friction and is usually measured in feet or metres head of the fluid, which is why it is also refered to as the head loss due to pipe friction.