How is topography determined?
Measuring topography can refer to mathematical assessments of elevation and streamflow, or it can mean defining various geologic and geographic variables to describe a region. A topographic map’s contour lines derive from regularly measured or extrapolated elevations.
What is topography used for?
As well as referring to the study of the Earth’s surface, topography can also be used when studying the surfaces of other planets. Scientists use it to map the surface contours of the moon, asteroids, meteors and neighboring planets.
What are topographic features?
Topography describes the physical features of an area of land. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map.
What are four main uses of topographic maps?
Uses – Topographic maps have multiple uses in the present day: any type of geographic planning or large-scale architecture; earth sciences and many other geographic disciplines; mining and other earth-based endeavours (such as planning and constructing ponds); and recreational uses such as hiking or, in particular.
What is topography The study of?
Topography is the study of the shape and features of land surfaces. This meaning is less common in the United States, where topographic maps with elevation contours have made “topography” synonymous with relief.
What is topography relief?
“Relief” is essentially the opposite of “flatness”. Relief is typically defined as the difference in height between the high point and the low point on a landscape, in feet or in meters. It could also be defined more qualitatively: like “low relief plains” or “high relief rolling hills”.
What is meant by natural topography?
Topography is a detailed map of the surface features of land. It includes the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a particular hunk of earth. Topography represents a particular area in detail, including everything natural and man-made — hills, valleys, roads, or lakes.
What is topography Class 8?
The topography is a broad term that describes a landmass in detail. Furthermore, it is the art of practice of portraying a surface in maps or charts. It shows natural as well as manmade features and tells about their relative positions and elevations.
What is topography in architecture?
Topography is physical appearance of natural features such as land and area. Topography is the basic problem of the architecture, when architecture and topography working together, structure win authenticity. However, another part of the model distance of topography level long and slope decrease.
How can topography affect agriculture?
Topography affects agriculture as it relates to soil erosion, difficulty of tillage and poor transportation facilities. In areas where the pressure on soil is great, even the slopes of mountains are terraced into small farms to provide agricultural land.
What are the four factors influencing agriculture?
Climate, land relief, soil and vegetation are the main factors which influence agricultural activity. The growth of plants depends on the temperature and humidity of the land and the amount of light it receives.
How does topography influence erosion?
Topography, or lay of the land, is an important variable in water erosion. More specifically, the degree of steepness (percent slope), as well as the slope length, is important. This increases its erosive energy (remember that erosive energy of runoff is a function of runoff velocity and volume).
What is shifting cultivation?
Shifting cultivation is defined by FAO (1982) as “a farming system in which relatively short periods of cultivation are followed by relatively long periods of fallow.”
What is another name of shifting cultivation?
Swidden agriculture
What are the merits and demerits of shifting cultivation?
Simple growing method, small investment, no need of animal labour power, reduce incidences of soil borne disease and pest management are the main beneficial aspects on one side whereas on the other side, destroying habitats of wild animals, taking our life element: oxygen, large-scale deforestation and soil and …
What is an example of shifting cultivation?
Shifting cultivation is an example of arable, subsistence and extensive farming. It is the traditional form of agriculture in the rainforest. The land is then farmed for 2-3 years before the Indians move on to another area of the rainforest. This allows the area of rainforest to recover.
What is shifting cultivation Class 8?
Answer: Shifting cultivation is also known as Slash-and-burn cultivation. It is a type of farming activity which involves clearing of a land plot by cutting down trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops are grown. After the land has lost its fertility, it is abandoned.
How do you control shifting cultivation?
Forest Department personnel tried to use their knowledge of forestry to stop or reduce shifting cultivation by bringing the land under forest cover. For this, they implemented schemes like Social Forestry and National Afforestation Programme for tree plantations on jhum lands.
What is called jhum cultivation?
Jhum cultivation, also known as the slash and burn agriculture, is the process of growing crops by first clearing the land of trees and vegetation and burning them thereafter. The burnt soil contains potash which increases the nutrient content of the soil.
What is Jhoom?
Jhum or Jhoom cultivation is a local name for slash and burn agriculture practiced by the tribal groups in the northeastern states of India like Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland and also in the districts of Bangladesh like Khagrachari and Sylhet.
What were the main features of jhum cultivation?
Jhum cultivation is also called shifting cultivation, and it was practiced on small patches of land, mostly in forests. The tribal cultivators cut the treetops to allow sunlight onto the ground and burnt the vegetation on the land to clear it for cultivation.
What is shifting cultivation in India?
Shifting cultivation or jhum, predominantly practiced in the north-east of India is an agricultural system where a farming community slashes secondary forests on a predetermined location, burns the slash and cultivates the land for a limited number of years.
How does jhum cultivation lead to gradual deforestation?
Shifting agriculture or jhum cultivation is a method of agriculture where a land area is cropped till it shows sign of exhaustion. Then either the residuals are burnt or left as such before proceeding to a new area. The hunt for new farming areas leads to clearing of forests hence contributing to deforestation.
What is primitive subsistence farming?
Primitive Subsistence Farming: This type of farming is practiced on small patches of land. Primitive tools and family/community labour are used in this type of farming. The farming mainly depends on monsoon and natural fertility of soil. This is also called ‘slash and burn’ agriculture.
What factors does primitive subsistence farming depends on?
Primitive subsistence type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown.