What are 3 examples of teratogens?
Common teratogens include some medications, recreational drugs, tobacco products, chemicals, alcohol, certain infections, and in some cases, uncontrolled health problems in the birthing parent. Alcohol is a well-known teratogen that can cause harmful effects on the fetus after exposure at any time during pregnancy.
What are teratogenic factors?
Teratogens are defined as any environmental factor that can produce a permanent abnormality in structure or function, restriction of growth, or death of the embryo or fetus.7.
What are behavioral teratogens?
Behavioral teratogens—teratogens that tend to harm the prenatal brain, affecting the future child’s intellectual and emotional functioning. à although all teratogens increase the risk of harm to the developing child, none always cause damage; the ultimate impact depends on the complex interplay of many factors.
What is the most common teratogen?
The most common malformations include craniofacial dysmorphisms, cleft palate, thymic aplasia, and neural tube defects. The tranquilizer thalidomide is one of the most famous and notorious teratogens.
What birth defects are caused by teratogens?
These include cleft palate, heart defects, abnormalities of the outer ears, and underdevelopment of the lower jaw. Isotretinoin is also linked with neural tube defects. Some types of tranquilizers, such as phenothiazine and lithium, are thought to be teratogens.
Is Down syndrome caused by a teratogen?
Some are recognizable genetic disorders (such as Down syndrome and muscular dystrophy), some are caused by known teratogens (eg: alcohol, rubella), and many have no identifiable cause.
What are long term effects of teratogens?
These include, but are not limited to, the following: Abnormal development produced by a teratogenic exposure is manifested as death, malformation(s), growth retardation, or a functional disorder.
When is a teratogen most harmful?
Time of exposure: Teratogens are most harmful early in pregnancy, starting about 10 to 14 days after conception to about 8 weeks into pregnancy. Genetics: Sometimes, the pregnant person’s or the baby’s unique genetics protect them or make them more vulnerable to certain teratogens.
How can teratogens be prevented?
Do not use chemicals that may harm your child – This includes pesticides, fungicides, rodenticides, or harsh cleaning products. Do not smoke, use drugs or consume alcohol during pregnancy – These teratogens greatly increase the risk of fetal birth defects and other life threatening conditions.
What does a normal 20 week ultrasound look like?
At about halfway through your pregnancy (or 20 weeks), your baby is about the size of a banana (or about 10 ounces). The limbs, face, neck, spine and heart are formed, so they finally look like an actual baby, not just a tiny spot on the ultrasound.
What abnormalities can be detected at 20 week scan?
Structural abnormalities that may be identified on the 20-week scan The 20-week scan can detect structural defects including spinal defects, cleft lip/palate, significant clubfeet, body wall abnormalities, major urinary abnormalities, and major heart defects, and a variety of subtle markers that may indicate Down …