What are alternative explanations?
What Are Alternative Explanations? As the name suggests, alternative explanations are alternative ways of explaining something. A good alternative explanation is a credible one, supported by evidence and uninfluenced by bias. Consider climate change today.
What is an alternative explanation in psychology?
Alternative Explanation. Part of casual inference; a potential alternative cause of an observed relationship between variables. Covariation of cause and effect. Part of casual inference; observing that change in one variable is accompanied by a change in a second variable.
What is alternative research design?
Alternative research methods differ from quantitative and qualitative data by focusing primarily on data that is not based off of fact-based research. Instead, the data that is collected is usually based off of individual’s experiences and does not normally have to be “proved”.
How do you establish temporal precedence?
To establish internal validity through temporal precedence, a researcher must establish which variable came first. One example could be an ecology study, establishing whether an increase in the population of lemmings in a fjord in Norway is followed by an increase in the number of predators.
What is temporal antecedence?
Temporal priority implies that the antecedent events precede consequent events. The classical or essentialist perspective of causality proposes that antecedents must be both necessary and sufficient for an effect to qualify as cause.
What is an example of an antecedent?
An antecedent is a phrase, clause, or word that is later referred back to by an earlier word, noun, or phrase. If the antecedent is a group, or plural, the antecedent must also be plural. For Example: The dog at the shelter is loud and energetic, but we still really like him.
What is temporal order?
1. temporal order – arrangement of events in time. temporal arrangement. temporal property – a property relating to time. chronological sequence, chronological succession, succession, successiveness, sequence – a following of one thing after another in time; “the doctor saw a sequence of patients”
What does it mean when two variables Covary?
When two variables are related, changes in one variable are met with similar changes in the other variable. They covary because as one variables deviates from the mean in one direction, the other variable deviates from the mean in the same direction.
How do you find the covariance between two variables?
Covariance is calculated by analyzing at-return surprises (standard deviations from the expected return) or by multiplying the correlation between the two variables by the standard deviation of each variable.
Which is an example of an external attribution?
In an external, or situational, attribution, people infer that a person’s behavior is due to situational factors. Example: Maria’s car breaks down on the freeway. If she believes that the breakdown happened because her car is old, she is making an external attribution.
What is attribution theory example?
Attribution theory is concerned with how ordinary people explain the causes of behavior and events. For example, is someone angry because they are bad-tempered or because something bad happened?
What are the four factors of Bernard Weiner’s attribution theory?
Weiner focused his attribution theory on achievement (Weiner, 1974). He identified ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck as the most important factors affecting attributions for achievement.
What is the fundamental attribution error and give an example?
For example, the fundamental attribution error can cause someone to assume that if some stranger looks angry, then they must be an angry person in general, even though this person might have been driven to temporary anger by something, such as someone else being rude to them.
What is external attribution?
External attributions are explanations that stress environmental or situational factors, such as task difficulty, social influences, and the physical characteristics of a particular environment (Ross 1977).
What is an attribution?
In social psychology, attribution is the process of inferring the causes of events or behaviors. The attributions you make each and every day has an important influence on your feelings as well as how you think and relate to other people.