What are cell lines used for?
Cell lines have revolutionized scientific research and are being used in vaccine production, testing drug metabolism and cytotoxicity, antibody production, study of gene function, generation of artificial tissues (e.g., artificial skin) and synthesis of biological compounds e.g., therapeutic proteins.
How are cell lines maintained?
Cell lines are preserved by freezing samples slowly (usually 1 °C min−1) in preservative (usually growth medium with 10% DMSO).
What are the different types of cell lines?
Attached cell lines can be classified as 1) endothelial such as BAE-1, 2) epithelial such as HeLa, 3) neuronal such as SH-SY5Y, or 4) fibroblast such as MRC-5….Cell Morphology Types.
| Attached Cell Lines | ||
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y | Human Neuroblastoma | Neuronal |
| Suspension Cell Lines | ||
| Name | Species and Tissue of Origin | Morphology |
Why is cell culture important for biological medical research?
Experimental model systems in basic and medical sciences. Cell culture offers certain advantages over the environmental and biological variability of other models. In addition, the use of genetically defined and characterized cell lines can simplify the analysis of experimental data.
What are the advantages of cell culture?
Advantages of Animal Cell Culture: Ø It is possible to control the micro-environment of the cells in the culture such as regulation of matrix, cell-cell interactions and cell substrate attachment. Ø Cell culture techniques allow us to maintain the homogeneity of cells by the use of selective media.
What are the advantages of using tissue culture in medical research?
The most obvious advantage of the tissue culture technique is that it enables us to study the structure and behaviour of living cells with a precision that is impossible by any other means.
What are the application and uses of root culture?
Root cultures can be used in many ways including studies of carbohydrate metabolism, mineral nutrient requirements, essentiality of vitamins and other growth regulators, differentiation of the root apex and gravitropism.
What is another name for tissue culture?
micropropagation
What is micropropagation and its advantages?
Micropropagation has a number of advantages over traditional plant propagation techniques: The main advantage of micropropagation is the production of many plants that are clones of each other. Micropropagation can be used to produce disease-free plants.
What is the application of micropropagation?
Application/Advantages of Micropropagation Micropropagation facilitates the growth, storage, and maintenance of a large number of plants in small spaces which makes it a cost-effective process. Micropropagation is used for germplasm storage and the protection of endangered species.
What are the steps involved in micropropagation?
The process of micropropagation can be divided into four stages:
- Initiation stage. A piece of plant tissue (called an explant) is (a) cut from the plant, (b) disinfested (removal of surface contaminants), and (c) placed on a medium.
- Multiplication stage.
- Rooting or preplant stage.
- Acclimatization.
What is Macropropagation?
In the absence of seeds, vegetative propagation methods are used for the production of planting stock. In macro-propagation, conventional methods of offset planting, rhizome planting, rooting of cuttings and layering are used while in micro-propagation various tissue culture techniques are being employed.
How is plantain propagated?
Suckers Plantains are vegetatively propagated, most often from suckers (shoots that grow from a bud at the base of the plant) or from corms (underground bulbs known as rhizomes). The use of whole corms is very laborious so it is more common to grow from small pieces of corm.
Why tissue culture is called micropropagation?
Plant tissue culture specifically is also known as micropropagation because it involves rapid multiplication of small amount of plant material to produce more progeny.
Is tissue a culture?
Tissue culture, a method of biological research in which fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue to survive and function. The cultured tissue may consist of a single cell, a population of cells, or a whole or part of an organ.
What are the disadvantages of tissue culture?
Disadvantages of Tissue Culture
- Tissue Culture can require more labor and cost more money.
- There is a chance that the propagated plants will be less resilient to diseases due to the type of environment they are grown in.
Why do we use tissue culture?
An environment that has been treated so that is free of all bacteria, viruses and fungi. The medium used for tissue culture provides a good food source for the rapid growth of many types of cells. Bacteria, viruses and fungi will grow more quickly in this environment than the plant cells that we are trying to culture.
Who is father of tissue culture?
Haberlandt
Who discovered Totipotency?
Gottlieb Haberlandt
Who gave the term tissue?
The term was introduced in anatomy by Xavier Bichat in 1801. He was “the first to propose that tissue is a central element in human anatomy, and he considered organs as collections of often disparate tissues, rather than as entities in themselves”.
Which hormone is used in tissue culture?
Auxins and cytokinins are the most widely used plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture and are usually used together, the ratio of the auxin to the cytokinin determining the type of culture established or regenerated (see Figure 1).
How do auxin and cytokinin work together?
In the root meristem, auxin induces the meristematic cell division, whereas cytokinin promotes the cell to switch from the meristematic to differentiated state through inhibiting auxin signaling.
Why Auxin is used in tissue culture experiment?
The Auxins facilitate cell division and root differentiation. Auxins induce cell division, cell elongation, and formation of callus in cultures. Abscisic acid (ABA) is used in plant tissue culture to promote distinct developmental pathways such as somatic embryogenesis. Abscisic acid inhibits cell division.
What is auxin and cytokinin?
Mode of action. The ratio of auxin to cytokinin plays an important role in the effect of cytokinin on plant growth. More cytokinin induces growth of shoot buds, while more auxin induces root formation. Cytokinins are involved in many plant processes, including cell division and shoot and root morphogenesis.
What is the main function of cytokinin?
Cytokinins were originally defined as chemicals that induce cell proliferation and trigger callus differentiation to shoot when applied with auxins, but now it is known that cytokinins play a key role in many aspects of plant growth and development [3], including embryogenesis, maintenance of root and shoot meristems.
What are the application of auxin?
In horticulture, auxins, especially NAA and IBA, are commonly applied to stimulate root initiation when rooting cuttings of plants. However, high concentrations of auxin inhibit root elongation and instead enhance adventitious root formation. Removal of the root tip can lead to inhibition of secondary root formation.
What is the function of auxin?
Auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, orchestrating cell division, elongation and differentiation, embryonic development, root and stem tropisms, apical dominance, and transition to flowering.
What is the function of gibberellin?
Evidence suggests that gibberellins stimulate the growth of main stems, especially when applied to the whole plant. They are also involved in the bolting (elongation) of rosette plants (e.g., lettuce) after exposure to certain environmental stimuli such as long periods of daylight.
What is mean by Auxins?
auxin. [ ôk′sĭn ] Any of various hormones or similar substances that promote and regulate the growth and development of plants. Auxins are produced in the meristem of shoot tips and move down the plant, causing various effects.
What is the main function of ethylene?
Ethylene as a Plant Hormone This plant hormone is essentially produced in all parts of grown plants including roots, stems, tubers, leaves, flower, fruits and seeds. Ethylene is the most widely used plant growth regulator as it plays a vital role in: Stimulating fruit ripening. Helps in determining the sex of a flower.