What are symmetrical and asymmetrical faults?

A symmetrical fault is a fault where all phases are affected so that the system remains balanced. The other three fault types (line to ground, line to line, and two- line to ground) are called unsymmetrical or asymmetrical faults.

What are the types of symmetrical faults?

Symmetrical Fault types:

Three-phase short circuit fault (LLL)– Three line of the conductor short with each other.
Three-phase-to-ground fault (LLLG)– Triple Line-to-ground fault (LLLG)- A triple line-to-ground fault occurs when three conductors fall on the ground or come in contact with the neutral conductor.

Which is unsymmetrical fault?

Unsymmetrical faults involve only one or two phases. An unsymmetrical series fault is between phases or between phase-to-ground, whereas unsymmetrical shunt fault is an unbalanced in the line impedances. Shunt fault in the three phase system can be classified as; Single line-to-ground fault (LG).

What are the different types of electrical faults?

Types of Faults

Open Circuit Faults. These faults occur due to the failure of one or more conductors.
Short Circuit Faults.
Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults.
Fuse.
Circuit Breaker.
Protective Relays.
Lighting Arrestor.

Which fault has highest current level?

Line – Line – Line Fault – Such types of faults are balanced, i.e., the system remains symmetrical even after the fault. The L – L – L fault occurs rarely, but it is the most severe type of fault which involves the largest current. This large current is used for determining the rating of the circuit breaker.

What are the three types of load?

Three basic types of loads exist in circuits: capacitive loads, inductive loads and resistive loads. These differ in how they consume power in an alternating current (AC) setup. Capacitive, inductive and resistive load types correspond loosely to lighting, mechanical and heating loads.

Is a fan a resistive load?

Lightbulbs, toasters, electric hot water heaters, and so on are resistive loads. All electrical loads that have a coil of wire to produce the magnetic field are called inductive loads. Examples of inductive loads are fans, vacuum cleaners, and many other motorized devices.

Are LED lights a resistive load?

LED are semiconductors that are are resistive and slightly capacitive at the junction. They produce light when a forward DC voltage is applied to them. The Driver that create the DC voltage is a no linear load. The drivers are essentially electronic DC switching power supplies.

What type of load is a microwave?

The microwave oven is almost entirely a resistive load at full power. The kW and KVA readings coincide almost completely. However when running at less than full power the power factor starts to decline (a minimum power factor of 50% was recorded whilst defrosting).

What is an example of a resistive load?

Two common examples of resistive loads are incandescent lamps and electric heaters. Resistive loads consume electrical power in such a manner that the current wave remains in phase with the voltage wave. That means, power factor for a resistive load is unity.

What is inductive load example?

Examples of devices producing reactive/inductive loads include motors, transformers and chokes. When used in combination with resistive load banks, reactive/inductive load bank solutions can simulate real-life mixed commercial loads consisting of lighting, heating, motors, transformers and chokes.

What is a pure resistive load?

In a purely resistive circuit, all circuit power is dissipated by the resistor(s). Voltage and current are in phase with each other. In a purely reactive circuit, no circuit power is dissipated by the load(s). Rather, power is alternately absorbed from and returned to the AC source.

Why the load factor is always less than 1?

Its value is always less than one because maximum demand is never lower than average demand, since facilities likely never operate at full capacity for the duration of an entire 24-hour day. A high load factor means power usage is relatively constant. Low load factor shows that occasionally a high demand is set.

Can diversity factor be less than 1?

Usually, the maximum demands of the consumers do not occur at the same time. The diversity factor can be equal or greater than 1. If the value of the diversity factor is greater than 1, then it is a good diversity factor, and 1.0 represents a poor diversity factor.

What is the value of load factor?

The value of the load factor is always less than 1 because the value of average load is always smaller than the maximum demand. If the load factor is high (above 0.50), it shows that the power usage is relatively constant; if it is low, it means a high demand is set.

What is the load factor in HashMap?

As the number of elements in the HashMap increases, the capacity is expanded. The load factor is the measure that decides when to increase the capacity of the Map. The default load factor is 75% of the capacity. The threshold of a HashMap is approximately the product of current capacity and load factor.

Can we change load factor of HashMap?

You can set the load factor and initial capacity. Initial capacity is the initial number of buckets for hashing and load factor is the maximum allowed percentage of entries before resizing and auto-increment. you can set the value as float./span>

What is difference HashMap and Hashtable?

HashMap is non synchronized. It is not-thread safe and can’t be shared between many threads without proper synchronization code whereas Hashtable is synchronized. HashMap allows one null key and multiple null values whereas Hashtable doesn’t allow any null key or value./span>

Why initial capacity of HashMap is 16?

The Initial Capacity is essentially the number of buckets in the HashMap which by default is 24 = 16. A good HashMap algorithm will distribute an equal number of elements to all the buckets. Say we have 16 elements then each bucket will have 1 node, the search for any element will be achieved with 1 lookup./span>

What happens if HashMap is full?

This means that get won’t block but put , remove etc. might block at some point. An instance of HashMap has two parameters that affect its performance: initial capacity and load factor. The load factor is a measure of how full the hash table is allowed to get before its capacity is automatically increased./span>

How many elements can a HashMap hold?

1 Answer. A HashMap in Java can have a maximum of 2^30 buckets for storing entries – this is because the bucket-assignment technique used by java. util. HashMap requires the number of buckets to be a power of 2, and since ints are signed in Java, the maximum positive value is 2^31 – 1, so the maximum power of 2 is 2^30 …/span>

How does HashMap increases its size?

As soon as 13th element (key-value pair) will come into the Hashmap, it will increase its size from default 24 = 16 buckets to 25 = 32 buckets. Another way to calculate size: When the load factor ratio (m/n) reaches 0.75 at that time, hashmap increases its capacity.

What is default size of HashMap?

How many buckets are created in HashMap?

16 buckets

What is the maximum size of HashMap in Java?

The largest power of two allowed for an array size is 2^30 . And the largest number of elements you can have before the HashMap will try to double its size to 2^31 (which it cannot do) is ( 2^30 * loadFactor ) or about 700 million for the default load factor./span>