What are the 4 main reasons for increase in the number of crime laboratories?

What are the 4 main reasons for increase in the number of crime laboratories?

What are four main reasons for the increase of crime labs in the US? Increase in crime rates; increase in drug-related arrests; the advent of DNA testing; and emphasis on scientific evidence by Supreme Court rulings.

What are the 4 main parts of a crime lab?

These include weapon identification, fingerprinting, document analysis, chemical identification, and trace analysis of hair and fibers. Two newer disciplines that have become major components of the twenty-first century crime laboratory are DNA analysis and explosive investigation.

What is the structure of the crime lab?

Lab section organizational structure Although different crime labs will likely not have identical organizational structures, some typical forensic laboratory sections include: Biology section—for the examination of biological evidence and the development of DNA profiles.

What are the five basic crime lab units?

Crime Lab Units Flashcards Preview

• Biology unit. Staffed with biologists and biochemists who identify and perform DNA profiling on dried bloodstains and other bodily fluids.
• Firearms unit.
• Document examination unit.
• Photography unit.
• Toxicology unit.
• Latent fingerprints unit.
• Polygraph unit.
• Voiceprint analysis unit.

Which unit is responsible for the examination of body fluids?

The toxicology unit often supports the work of the medical examiner and may be located within that office. Forensic toxicologists evaluate organs and bodily fluids to determine the presence of any substances that could have caused or contributed to death, such as drugs or poisons.

How can we detect the presence of blood?

Phenolphthalein Test

1. Also known as the Kastle Meyer Test.
2. How it works: A Phenolphthalein solution is used to show the possible presence of blood based upon a peroxidase reaction of hemoglobin which produces a pink color.

What bodily fluids contain DNA?

Where Is DNA Contained in the Human Body? DNA is contained in blood, semen, skin cells, tissue, organs, muscle, brain cells, bone, teeth, hair, saliva, mucus, perspiration, fingernails, urine, feces, etc.

How do you examine body fluids?

Samples are usually obtained through collection of the fluid in a container (e.g., urine, semen) or by inserting a needle into the body cavity and aspirating with a syringe a portion of the fluid (e.g., CSF, pericardial fluid).

What is the most common body fluid for determination?

3.1. Abdominal fluid was the most common body fluid specimen (34% of all specimens), while TP, albumin, and creatinine were the most common tests ordered (19%, 15%, and 15% of all tests ordered, respectively).

How many types of body fluids are there?

A body fluid refers to any fluid produced by a living organism. In humans, the body fluid can be classified into two major types according to location: (1) intracellular fluid and (2) extracellular fluid.

What are 3 fluids that are essential to life?

Eleven body fluids we couldn’t live without

• Bile. Bile is a brown to dark green fluid that is produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder (a synonym for bile is gall), and released into the intestines when we eat.
• Blood. Give a little.
• Menstrual fluid.
• Mucus.
• Pus.
• Semen.
• Saliva.
• Sweat.

What are the three types of body fluids?

Compartments by location

• Intracellular fluid.
• Extracellular fluid. Intravascular fluid (blood plasma) Interstitial fluid. Lymphatic fluid (sometimes included in interstitial fluid) Transcellular fluid.

What are the 3 major body fluid compartments?

There are three major fluid compartments; intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular.

What is the greatest regulator of water intake?

Thirst

What are the two main fluid compartments of the body?

The body’s fluid separates into two main compartments: Intracellular fluid volume (ICFV) and extracellular fluid volume (ECFV). Of the 42L of water found in the body, two-thirds of it is within the intracellular fluid (ICF) space, which equates to 28L.

What 2 barriers separate the three major fluid compartments?

The physical barrier separating the intracellular fluid compartment (i.e., cytoplasm) and the interstitial fluid is the cell plasma membrane. The capillary endothelium is the physical barrier that separates the interstitial fluid from plasma.

What are the main solutes in the extracellular fluid compartment?

The extracellular fluid is mainly cations and anions. Plasma is mostly water and dissolved proteins, but also contains metabolic blood gasses, hormones, and glucose. The composition of transcellular fluid varies, but some of its main electrolytes include sodium ions, chloride ions, and bicarbonate ions.

What are examples of extracellular fluid?

Examples of this fluid are cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor in the eye, serous fluid in the serous membranes lining body cavities, perilymph and endolymph in the inner ear, and joint fluid. Due to the varying locations of transcellular fluid, the composition changes dramatically.

Which mechanism is the main regulator of water intake?

Body water homeostasis is regulated mainly through ingested fluids, which, in turn, depends on thirst. Thirst is the basic instinct or urge that drives an organism to ingest water. Thirst is a sensation created by the hypothalamus, the thirst center of the human body.

What is the largest fluid compartment in the body?

Most of the water in the body is intracellular fluid. The second largest volume is the interstitial fluid, which surrounds cells that are not blood cells.

What body tissue has the lowest water content?

Adipose