What are the 4 main types of vulnerability in cyber security?

What are the 4 main types of vulnerability in cyber security?

Types of cyber security vulnerabilities

• Faulty defenses.
• Poor resource management.
• Insecure connection between elements.

What are the main security vulnerabilities?

The Top 10 security vulnerabilities as per OWASP Top 10 are:

• SQL Injection.
• Cross Site Scripting.
• Broken Authentication and Session Management.
• Insecure Direct Object References.
• Cross Site Request Forgery.
• Security Misconfiguration.
• Insecure Cryptographic Storage.
• Failure to restrict URL Access.

What hash algorithm does Active Directory use?

1000 iterations of the HMAC-SHA256 keyed hashing algorithm are used. The password hash synchronization agent takes the resulting 32-byte hash, concatenates both the per user salt and the number of SHA256 iterations to it (for use by Azure AD), then transmits the string from Azure AD Connect to Azure AD over TLS.

How do I know if my password hash synchronization is enabled?

Run Azure AD Connect, and then select View current configuration. In the details pane, check whether Password synchronization is enabled on your tenant.

What is password hash synchronization with Azure AD?

Password hash synchronization is one of the sign-in methods used to accomplish hybrid identity. Azure AD Connect synchronizes a hash, of the hash, of a user’s password from an on-premises Active Directory instance to a cloud-based Azure AD instance.

What is NTLM hash?

The NTLM protocol uses one or both of two hashed password values, both of which are also stored on the server (or domain controller), and which through a lack of salting are password equivalent, meaning that if you grab the hash value from the server, you can authenticate without knowing the actual password.

Can you pass the hash with NTLMv2?

NTLMv2 includes a time-based response,which makes simple pass the hash attacks impossible. In order to only allow NTLMv2, change the registry entry HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\LMCompatibilityLevel.

Why is NTLM not secure?

NTLM was subject to several known security vulnerabilities related to password hashing and salting. In NTLM, passwords stored on the server and domain controller are not “salted” — meaning that a random string of characters is not added to the hashed password to further protect it from cracking techniques.

Where do I find NTLM authentication?

To find applications that use NTLMv1, enable Logon Success Auditing on the domain controller, and then look for Success auditing Event 4624, which contains information about the version of NTLM.

How do I enable NTLMv2 authentication?

Click down to “Local Computer Policy -> Computer Configuration -> Windows Settings -> Security Settings -> Local Policies -> Security Options. Find the policy “Network Security: LAN Manager authentication level”. Right click on this policy and choose “Properties”. Choose “Send NTLMv2 response only/refuse LM & NTLM”.

How do I know if I have NTLM or Kerberos authentication?

If you’re using Kerberos, then you’ll see the activity in the event log. If you are passing your credentials and you don’t see any Kerberos activity in the event log, then you’re using NTLM. Second way, you can use the klist.exe utility to see your current Kerberos tickets.

How does NTLM authentication work?

How does NTLM authentication work?

1. The client sends a username to the host.
2. The host responds with a random number (i.e. the challenge).
3. The client then generates a hashed password value from this number and the user’s password, and then sends this back as a response.

How do I know if NTLM is authentication is enabled?

How to Test the NTLM Authentication

1. Click the Windows “Start” button on the computer that has a connection to the network.
2. Click the button at the top of the window labeled “Map Network Drive.” A wizard window opens that contains the options and configuration settings for a mapped drive.
3. Click the “Browse” button.
4. Click “Finish” to map the drive.

How do I disable NTLM authentication?

You can also disable NTLMv1 through the registry. To do it, create a DWORD parameter with the name LmCompatibilityLevel and the value 0-5 in the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Lsa. Value 5 corresponds to the policy option “Send NTLMv2 response only. Refuse LM NTLM”.

What is the difference between NTLM and LDAP authentication?

NTLM: Authentication is the well-known and loved challenge-response authentication mechanism, using NTLM means that you really have no special configuration issues. As Microsoft likes to say, “It just works.” LDAP: It is primarily a directory access protocol. …

What is LDAP vs Active Directory?

LDAP is a way of speaking to Active Directory. LDAP is a protocol that many different directory services and access management solutions can understand. LDAP is a directory services protocol. Active Directory is a directory server that uses the LDAP protocol.

How does LDAP work with Active Directory?

How does LDAP work with Active Directory? LDAP provides a means to manage user and group membership stored in Active Directory. LDAP is a protocol to authenticate and authorize granular access to IT resources, while Active Directory is a database of user and group information.

How does authentication work in Active Directory?

At the SGD login screen, the user types a user principal name and password. If the authentication fails, the next authentication mechanism is tried. If the Kerberos authentication succeeds, SGD establishes the user’s identity by performing an LDAP search of Active Directory.

What are the three types of authentication?

5 Common Authentication Types

• Password-based authentication. Passwords are the most common methods of authentication.
• Multi-factor authentication.
• Certificate-based authentication.
• Biometric authentication.
• Token-based authentication.

What authentication type is the default for Active Directory?

Kerberos

Does oauth2 support Active Directory?

OAuth 2.0 is directly related to OpenID Connect (OIDC). Since OIDC is an authentication and authorization layer built on top of OAuth 2.0, it isn’t backwards compatible with OAuth 1.0. Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) supports all OAuth 2.0 flows.

How does OAuth 2.0 authentication work?

OAuth doesn’t share password data but instead uses authorization tokens to prove an identity between consumers and service providers. OAuth is an authentication protocol that allows you to approve one application interacting with another on your behalf without giving away your password.

How do I set up OAuth authentication?

Setup

1. Open the Google API Console Credentials page.
2. From the project drop-down, select an existing project or create a new one.
3. On the Credentials page, select Create credentials, then select OAuth client ID.
4. Under Application type, choose Web application.
5. Click Create.

What is Azure Active Directory?

Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) is Microsoft’s enterprise cloud-based identity and access management (IAM) solution. Azure AD is the backbone of the Office 365 system, and it can sync with on-premise Active Directory and provide authentication to other cloud-based systems via OAuth.