What are the causes of DNA damage?

What are the causes of DNA damage?

DNA damage can be subdivided into two types: (1) endogenous damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are derived from metabolic byproducts and (2) exogenous damage caused by radiation (UV, X-ray, gamma), hydrolysis, plant toxins, and viruses.

Can you repair damaged DNA?

Most damage to DNA is repaired by removal of the damaged bases followed by resynthesis of the excised region. Some lesions in DNA, however, can be repaired by direct reversal of the damage, which may be a more efficient way of dealing with specific types of DNA damage that occur frequently.

How do you induce DNA damage?

As Joachim mentioned you can induce the DNA damage. You can use gamma radiation, bleomycin for DSB and SSB induction. MMS is aklatying agent. UV-light for photodamages such as tymines dimmer.

Does eating food change your DNA?

Put simply, what you eat won’t change the sequence of your DNA, but your diet has a profound effect on how you “express” the possibilities encoded in your DNA. The foods you consume can turn on or off certain genetic markers which play a major – and even life or death – role in your health outcomes.

What are the 2 types of DNA?

There are two types of DNA in the cell – autosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA. Autosomal DNA (also called nuclear DNA) is packaged into 22 paired chromosomes. In each pair of autosomes, one was inherited from the mother and one was inherited from the father.

What are the 4 types of DNA mutations?

There are three types of DNA Mutations: base substitutions, deletions and insertions.

• Base Substitutions. Single base substitutions are called point mutations, recall the point mutation Glu —–> Val which causes sickle-cell disease.
• Deletions.
• Insertions.

What two DNA repair systems are used by the immune system?

For DSB repair, two principal mechanisms are used: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)18 and homologous recombination (HR)19.

What are the 3 types of genetic disorders?

There are three types of genetic disorders:

• Single-gene disorders, where a mutation affects one gene. Sickle cell anemia is an example.
• Chromosomal disorders, where chromosomes (or parts of chromosomes) are missing or changed.
• Complex disorders, where there are mutations in two or more genes.

What are the negative effects of gene editing?

Risks of gene editing include:

• Potential unintended, or “off-target,” effects.
• Increased likelihood of developing cancer.
• Possibility of being used in biological attacks.
• Unintended consequences for future generations.